Ignimbrite and Mylonite

Ignimbrite

Mylonite

Definition

Ignimbrite is a volcanic rock consisting mainly of pumice fragments, formed by the consolidation of material deposited by pyroclastic flows

Mylonite is a metamorphic rock formed by ductile deformation during intense shearing encountered during folding and faulting, a process termed cataclastic or dynamic metamorphism

History

Origin

New Zealand

Discoverer

Patrick Marshall

Unknown

Etymology

From Latin ignis fire + imber, imbr- shower of rain, storm cloud + -ite

From Greek mulōn mill + -ite

Class

Igneous Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Not Applicable

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Aphanitic

Foliated

Color

Beige, Black, Brown, Grey, Pink, White

Black to Grey

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

Yes

Scratch Resistant

Yes

Stain Resistant

Wind Resistant

Yes

Acid Resistant

Appearance

Dull, Vesicular and Foilated

Dull, Banded and Foilated

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate

for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Roadstone

Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Monuments

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry

Types

Not Available

Blastomylonites, Ultramylonites and Phyllonites

Features

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust

Surfaces are often shiny

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Used

Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

Sculpture

Used

Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

Pictographs

Used

Petroglyphs

Used

Figurines

Used

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Ignimbrites are formed from very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash or tuff and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments.

Mylonites are ductilely deformed rocks formed by the accumulation of large shear strain, in ductile fault zones.

Composition

Mineral Content

Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz

Porphyroblasts

Compound Content

Ca, NaCl

Aluminium Oxide, Calcium Sulfate, Chromium(III) Oxide, Iron(III) Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

Yes

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Weathering

Yes

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

Yes

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

4-6

3-4

Grain Size

Fine Grained

Fracture

Uneven

Conchoidal

Streak

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Luster

Vitreous to Dull

Shiny

Compressive Strength

243.80 N/mm²

1.28 N/mm²

Cleavage

Not Available

Conchoidal

Toughness

Not Available

Specific Gravity

2.73

2.97-3.05

Transparency

Opaque

Density

1-1.8 g/cm³

2.6-4.8 g/cm³

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.20 kJ/Kg K

1.50 kJ/Kg K

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen

China, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea

Africa

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda

Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa

Europe

France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom

England, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, United Kingdom

Others

Antarctica, Hawaii Islands

Not Yet Found

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA

USA

South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador

Not Yet Found

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

Summary >>

<< Reserves

All about Ignimbrite and Mylonite Properties

Know all about Ignimbrite and Mylonite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Ignimbrite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Mylonite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Ignimbrite is Aphanitic whereas that of Mylonite is Foliated. Ignimbrite appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated and Mylonite appears Dull, Banded and Foilated. The luster of Ignimbrite is vitreous to dull while that of Mylonite is shiny. Ignimbrite is available in beige, black, brown, grey, pink, white colors whereas Mylonite is available in black to grey colors. The commercial uses of Ignimbrite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork and that of Mylonite are creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry.