Definition
Ignimbrite is a volcanic rock consisting mainly of pumice fragments, formed by the consolidation of material deposited by pyroclastic flows
  
Comendite is a hard, peralkaline igneous rock, a type of light blue grey rhyolite
  
History
  
  
Origin
New Zealand
  
Italy
  
Discoverer
Patrick Marshall
  
Unknown
  
Etymology
From Latin ignis fire + imber, imbr- shower of rain, storm cloud + -ite
  
Comendite derives its name from the area of Le Commende on San Pietro Island in Italy
  
Class
Igneous Rocks
  
Igneous Rocks
  
Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
  
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
  
Family
  
  
Group
Volcanic
  
Volcanic
  
Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
  
Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
  
Texture
Aphanitic
  
Porphyritic
  
Color
Beige, Black, Brown, Grey, Pink, White
  
Blue, Bluish - Grey
  
Maintenance
More
  
Less
  
Durability
Durable
  
Durable
  
Water Resistant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Scratch Resistant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Stain Resistant
No
  
Yes
  
Wind Resistant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Acid Resistant
No
  
Yes
  
Appearance
Dull, Vesicular and Foilated
  
Foliated
  
Architecture
  
  
Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration
  
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration
  
Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration
  
Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
  
Curbing
  
Industry
  
  
Construction Industry
Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate
  
Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar
  
Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
  
Not Yet Used
  
Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
  
Artifacts
  
Other Uses
  
  
Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork
  
Cemetery Markers
  
Types
Not Available
  
Rhyolite
  
Features
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust
  
Very fine grained rock, It is One of the Oldest, Strongest and Hardest Rock
  
Archaeological Significance
  
  
Monuments
Used
  
Not Yet Used
  
Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
  
Not Applicable
  
Sculpture
Used
  
Not Yet Used
  
Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
  
Not Applicable
  
Pictographs
Used
  
Not Used
  
Petroglyphs
Used
  
Not Used
  
Figurines
Used
  
Not Yet Used
  
Fossils
Absent
  
Absent
  
Formation
Ignimbrites are formed from very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash or tuff and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments.
  
Comendite is a type of Igneous rock which is formed due to cooling and solidification of lava or magma. It may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.
  
Composition
  
  
Mineral Content
Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz
  
Albite, Amphibole, Quartz
  
Compound Content
Ca, NaCl
  
Al, Fe, Potassium Oxide
  
Transformation
  
  
Metamorphism
Yes
  
Yes
  
Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
  
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
  
Weathering
Yes
  
Yes
  
Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering
  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
  
Erosion
Yes
  
Yes
  
Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion
  
Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion
  
Physical Properties
  
  
Hardness
4-6
  
6-7
  
Grain Size
Fine Grained
  
Medium Grained
  
Fracture
Uneven
  
Pervasive
  
Streak
White
  
Bluish Black
  
Porosity
Highly Porous
  
Highly Porous
  
Luster
Vitreous to Dull
  
Dull
  
Compressive Strength
243.80 N/mm2
  
5
92.40 N/mm2
  
21
Cleavage
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Toughness
Not Available
  
2
  
Specific Gravity
2.73
  
2.38
  
Transparency
Opaque
  
Opaque
  
Density
1-1.8 g/cm3
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Properties
  
  
Specific Heat Capacity
0.20 kJ/Kg K
  
25
Not Available
  
Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
  
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
  
Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  
Asia
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen
  
China
  
Africa
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
  
East Africa
  
Europe
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom
  
Italy
  
Others
Antarctica, Hawaii Islands
  
Not Yet Found
  
Deposits in Western Continents
  
  
North America
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA
  
Not Yet Found
  
South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador
  
Not Yet Found
  
Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  
Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia
  
Queensland