Definition
Ignimbrite is a volcanic rock consisting mainly of pumice fragments, formed by the consolidation of material deposited by pyroclastic flows
  
Andesite is a dark, fine-grained, brown or greyish intermediate volcanic rock which is a commonly found in lava
  
History
  
  
Origin
New Zealand
  
North America
  
Discoverer
Patrick Marshall
  
Unknown
  
Etymology
From Latin ignis fire + imber, imbr- shower of rain, storm cloud + -ite
  
From Andes mountains, where it is found in abundance
  
Class
Igneous Rocks
  
Igneous Rocks
  
Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
  
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
  
Family
  
  
Group
Volcanic
  
Volcanic
  
Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
  
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
  
Texture
Aphanitic
  
Aphanitic to Porphyritic
  
Color
Beige, Black, Brown, Grey, Pink, White
  
Bluish - Grey, Grey, Pink, Yellow
  
Maintenance
More
  
More
  
Durability
Durable
  
Durable
  
Water Resistant
Yes
  
No
  
Scratch Resistant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Stain Resistant
No
  
Yes
  
Wind Resistant
Yes
  
No
  
Acid Resistant
No
  
Yes
  
Appearance
Dull, Vesicular and Foilated
  
Dull and Soft
  
Architecture
  
  
Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration
  
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens
  
Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
  
Office Buildings, Roof Tiles
  
Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
  
Curbing
  
Industry
  
  
Construction Industry
Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate
  
Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate
  
Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
  
Not Yet Used
  
Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
  
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
  
Other Uses
  
  
Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork
  
Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork
  
Types
Not Available
  
Icelandite
  
Features
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust
  
Generally rough to touch, High silica content, Is one of the oldest rock
  
Archaeological Significance
  
  
Monuments
Used
  
Used
  
Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
  
Middle of the Earth in Ecuador
  
Sculpture
Used
  
Used
  
Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
  
Data Not Available
  
Pictographs
Used
  
Not Used
  
Petroglyphs
Used
  
Not Used
  
Figurines
Used
  
Used
  
Fossils
Absent
  
Absent
  
Formation
Ignimbrites are formed from very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash or tuff and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments.
  
Andesite is a fine-grained igneous rock that forms when the magma is erupted onto the surface and is crystallized quickly.
  
Composition
  
  
Mineral Content
Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz
  
Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Garnet, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Zircon
  
Compound Content
Ca, NaCl
  
Silicon Dioxide
  
Transformation
  
  
Metamorphism
Yes
  
Yes
  
Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
  
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
  
Weathering
Yes
  
Yes
  
Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering
  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
  
Erosion
Yes
  
Yes
  
Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion
  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion
  
Physical Properties
  
  
Hardness
4-6
  
7
  
Grain Size
Fine Grained
  
Very fine-grained
  
Fracture
Uneven
  
Uneven
  
Streak
White
  
White
  
Porosity
Highly Porous
  
Less Porous
  
Luster
Vitreous to Dull
  
Vitreous
  
Compressive Strength
243.80 N/mm2
  
5
225.00 N/mm2
  
7
Cleavage
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Toughness
Not Available
  
1.1
  
Specific Gravity
2.73
  
2.5-2.8
  
Transparency
Opaque
  
Opaque
  
Density
1-1.8 g/cm3
  
2.11-2.36 g/cm3
  
Thermal Properties
  
  
Specific Heat Capacity
0.20 kJ/Kg K
  
25
2.39 kJ/Kg K
  
2
Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
  
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
  
Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  
Asia
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen
  
India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, South Korea
  
Africa
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
  
Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania
  
Europe
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom
  
Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom
  
Others
Antarctica, Hawaii Islands
  
Not Yet Found
  
Deposits in Western Continents
  
  
North America
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA
  
Mexico, USA
  
South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador
  
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
  
Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  
Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia
  
New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia