Hornfels

Charnockite

Hornfels and Charnockite

Hornfels

Charnockite

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock

Charnockite is a variety of granite containing minerals like orthopyroxene, quartz, and feldspar

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

New Zealand

Tamil Nadu, India

1.2.2 Discoverer

Unknown

T. H. Holland

1.3 Etymology

From German which means hornstone

From Job Charnock, an administtrator of East India Company

1.4 Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

Plutonic

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Granular, Platy

Granular

2.2 Color

Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Reddish Brown

Black, Grey, Orange, Pink, White

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

81% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

81% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

86% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

42% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

66% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

19% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

49% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

15% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

48% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.5 Appearance

Dull

Veined or Pebbled

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Homes, Hotels, Kitchens, Stair Treads

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Bridges, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Resorts

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

for Road Aggregate, Roadstone

As Dimension Stone

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

Curling, Gemstone, Laboratory bench tops, Tombstones

4 Types

4.1 Types

Biotite hornfels

Enderbite

4.2 Features

Smooth to touch

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, It is One of the Oldest, Strongest and Hardest Rock

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

4.3.3 Sculpture

Not Yet Used

Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

4.3.5 Pictographs

Used

Not Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Used

Not Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Not Yet Used

Used

4.4 Fossils

Absent

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Hornfels is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.

Charnockite is an intrusive igneous rock which is very hard and is formed due to weathering of existing rocks.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Andalusite

Amphibole, Biotite, Feldspar, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz

5.2.2 Compound Content

Fe, Mg

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

50% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

97% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

1.0.1 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

1.1.1 Weathering

✔ ✘

65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

99% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

1.2.2 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering

1.2.4 Erosion

✔ ✘

77% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

92% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

1.4.1 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

2 Properties

2.1 Physical Properties

2.1.2 Hardness

2-3

6-7

2.2.1 Grain Size

Fine Grained

Coarse Grained

2.2.3 Fracture

Conchoidal

Not Available

2.3.1 Streak

Unknown

White

2.3.2 Porosity

Highly Porous

Very Less Porous

2.3.3 Luster

Shiny

Not Available

3.1.1 Compressive Strength

What Is Flint

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▶

▼

5.80 N/mm²

Rank: 31 (Overall)▶

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Obsidian

⊕

▶

175 (What Is Grani..)

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4.3.1 Cleavage

Perfect

Not Available

4.4.2 Toughness

Not Yet Found

Not Available

4.4.3 Specific Gravity

3.4-3.9

Not Available

5.1.1 Transparency

Opaque

5.1.2 Density

0.25-0.30 g/cm³

2.6 g/cm³

5.4 Thermal Properties

5.4.2 Specific Heat Capacity

What Is Banded ..

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▶

▼

0.84 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 15 (Overall)▶

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Granulite

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▶

1.09 (What Is Trave..)

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7.1.4 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Heat Resistant, Wear Resistant

8 Reserves

8.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

8.1.1 Asia

Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, North Korea, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Thailand

India

8.1.3 Africa

Cameroon, East Africa, Tanzania, Western Africa

East Africa, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique

8.1.4 Europe

United Kingdom

Albania, Romania, Scotland, United Kingdom

8.1.6 Others

Not Yet Found

8.2 Deposits in Western Continents

8.2.1 North America

Canada, USA

USA

8.2.3 South America

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela

8.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

8.3.1 Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

All about Hornfels and Charnockite Properties

Know all about Hornfels and Charnockite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Hornfels belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Charnockite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Hornfels is Granular, Platy whereas that of Charnockite is Granular. Hornfels appears Dull and Charnockite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Hornfels is shiny while that of Charnockite is not available. Hornfels is available in brown, dark greenish - grey, green, reddish brown colors whereas Charnockite is available in black, grey, orange, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Hornfels are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork and that of Charnockite are curling, gemstone, laboratory bench tops, tombstones.