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Gossan
Gossan

Banded iron formation
Banded iron formation



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Banded iron formation

Gossan vs Banded iron formation

Definition

Definition

Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.
Banded iron formation are distinctive units of sedimentary rock that are almost always of Precambrian age

History

Origin

Indonesia
Western Australia, Minnesota

Discoverer

Cornish Gossen
Johann Gottlob Lehmann

Etymology

From Cornish gossen from gos, blood from Old Cornish guit
From its formation process

Class

Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group

-
-

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Texture

Rough, Sandy
Banded, Trellis

Color

Brown, Brown- Black, Gold, Green, Rust
Red, Reddish Brown

Maintenance

Less
Less

Durability

Durable
Durable

Water Resistant

Scratch Resistant

Stain Resistant

Wind Resistant

Acid Resistant

Appearance

Dull and Banded
Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration
Decorative Aggregates, Homes

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings
Paving Stone, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing
Curbing, Whetstones

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate
As Dimension Stone, Used for flooring, stair treads, borders and window sills.

Medical Industry

-
-

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts
Artifacts

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Gemstone
As a touchstone, Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Types

Types

Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan
Algoma-type , Lake Superior-type, Superior-type and Taconite

Features

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates
Is one of the oldest rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

-
-

Famous Monuments

-
-

Sculpture

-
-

Famous Sculptures

-
-

Pictographs

-
-

Petroglyphs

-
-

Figurines

-
-

Fossils

Absent
Present

Formation

Formation

Earth movements can cause rocks to be either deeply buried or squeezed and hence the rocks are heated and put under great pressure.
The banded iron layers are formed in sea water when oxygen is released by photosynthetic cyano-bacteria. The oxygen then combines with dissolved iron in ocean to form insoluble iron oxides, which precipitated out, forming a thin layer of banded iron formation on ocean floor.

Composition

Mineral Content

Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon
Hematite, Magnetite, Quartz

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Fe, FeO, Silicon Dioxide, Sulphur
Fe, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

Types of Metamorphism

-
-

Weathering

Types of Weathering

-
Chemical Weathering

Erosion

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion
Coastal Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

4-55.5-6
1 7
👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine to Medium Grained
Large and Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal
Uneven, Splintery or Conchoidal

Streak

White to Grey
White

Porosity

Highly Porous
Highly Porous

Luster

Metallic
Earthy

Compressive Strength

-220.00 N/mm2
0.15 450
👆🏻

Cleavage

-
-

Toughness

-
1.5

Specific Gravity

2.05.0-5.3
0 8.4
👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque
Translucent to Opaque

Density

-9999 g/cm3-9999 g/cm3
0 1400
👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.24 kJ/Kg K3.20 kJ/Kg K
0.14 3.2
👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea
China, India, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam

Africa

Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa
Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania

Europe

Albania, France, Germany, Great Britain, United Kingdom
Austria, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom

Others

-
Greenland, Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA
Canada, Mexico, USA

South America

Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador
Bolivia, Brazil

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

Gossan vs Banded iron formation Information

Earth’s outer layer is covered by rocks and these rocks have different physical and chemical properties. As two rocks are not same, it’s fun to compare them. You can also know more about Gossan and Banded iron formation Reserves. Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.. Banded iron formation are distinctive units of sedimentary rock that are almost always of Precambrian age. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals. The process of formation of rocks is different for various rocks. Rocks are quarried from many years for various purposes. You can check out Gossan vs Banded iron formation information and Gossan vs Banded iron formation characteristics in the upcoming sections.

Gossan vs Banded iron formation Characteristics

Though some rocks look identical, they have certain characteristics which distinguish them from others. Characteristics of rocks include texture, appearance, color, fracture, streak, hardness etc. Gossan vs Banded iron formation characteristics assist us to distinguish and recognize rocks. Also you can check about Properties of Gossan and Properties of Banded iron formation. Learn more about Gossan vs Banded iron formation in the next section. The interior uses of Gossan include Countertops, Decorative aggregates and Interior decoration whereas the interior uses of Banded iron formation include Decorative aggregates and Homes. Due to some exceptional properties of Gossan and Banded iron formation, they have various applications in construction industry. The uses of Gossan in construction industry include As dimension stone, Cement manufacture, Construction aggregate, For road aggregate and that of Banded iron formation include As dimension stone, Used for flooring, stair treads, borders and window sills..

More about Gossan and Banded iron formation

Here you can know more about Gossan and Banded iron formation. The life cycle of a rock consists of formation of rock, composition of rock and transformation of rock. The composition of Gossan and Banded iron formation consists of mineral content and compound content. The mineral content of Gossan includes Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon and mineral content of Banded iron formation includes Hematite, Magnetite, Quartz. You can also check out the list of all Metamorphic Rocks. When we have to compare Gossan vs Banded iron formation, the texture, color and appearance plays an important role in determining the type of rock. Gossan is available in brown, brown- black, gold, green, rust colors whereas, Banded iron formation is available in red, reddish brown colors. Appearance of Gossan is Dull and Banded and that of Banded iron formation is Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. Properties of rock is another aspect for Gossan vs Banded iron formation. The hardness of Gossan is 4-5 and that of Banded iron formation is 5.5-6. The types of Gossan are Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan whereas types of Banded iron formation are Algoma-type , Lake Superior-type, Superior-type and Taconite. Streak of rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. The streak of Gossan is white to grey while that of Banded iron formation is white. The specific heat capacity of Gossan is 0.24 kJ/Kg K and that of Banded iron formation is 3.20 kJ/Kg K. Depending on the properties like hardness, toughness, specific heat capacity, porosity etc., rocks are resistant to heat, wear, impact, etc.Gossan is heat resistant, impact resistant, pressure resistant whereas Banded iron formation is heat resistant, impact resistant, pressure resistant, wear resistant.