Gossan

Marl

Gossan and Marl

Gossan

Marl

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Definition

Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.

Marl is an unconsolidated sedimentary rock consisting of clay and lime

History

Origin

Indonesia

Discoverer

Cornish Gossen

William Smith

Etymology

From Cornish gossen from gos, blood from Old Cornish guit

From Old French marle, from Late Latin marglia

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Rough, Sandy

Earthy

Color

Brown, Brown- Black, Gold, Green, Rust

Beige, Brown, Green, Grey, White

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull and Banded

Rough and Dull

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, Roof Tiles

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Gemstone

Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner

Types

Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan

Clay Marl ,Blue Marl, Red Marl, High Bank Marl, Shell Layer Marl, Under Shell Layer Marl, Sand Marl, Green Marl, Grey Marl and Clayey Marl

Features

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Splintery, Very fine grained rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Present

Formation

Earth movements can cause rocks to be either deeply buried or squeezed and hence the rocks are heated and put under great pressure.

Marl forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settles at the bottom of water bodies and are compacted by overlying sediment; the water squeezes out and hence forming Marl rock.

Composition

Mineral Content

Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon

Calcite, Clay, Dolomite, Gypsum, Micas, Pyrite, Quartz

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Fe, FeO, Silicon Dioxide, Sulphur

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

4-52-3

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine to Medium Grained

Very fine-grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

White to Grey

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Luster

Metallic

Dull

Compressive Strength

-30.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

2.6

Specific Gravity

2.02.2-2.8

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

-9999 g/cm³2.4-2.8 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.24 kJ/Kg K0.80 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea

India, Pakistan, Russia

Africa

Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa

Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa

Europe

Albania, France, Germany, Great Britain, United Kingdom

Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA

USA

South America

Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia

New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia

All about Gossan and Marl Properties

Know all about Gossan and Marl properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Gossan belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Marl belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Gossan is Rough, Sandy whereas that of Marl is Earthy. Gossan appears Dull and Banded and Marl appears Rough and Dull. The luster of Gossan is metallic while that of Marl is dull. Gossan is available in brown, brown- black, gold, green, rust colors whereas Marl is available in beige, brown, green, grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Gossan are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, gemstone and that of Marl are creating artwork, soil conditioner.