Gossan

Gritstone

Gossan and Gritstone

Gossan

Gritstone

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.

Gritstone or grit is a hard, coarse-grained, siliceous sandstone

1.2 History

1.2.2 Origin

Indonesia

Pennines, England

1.2.3 Discoverer

Cornish Gossen

J.J. Ferber

1.4 Etymology

From Cornish gossen from gos, blood from Old Cornish guit

From Grit + Stone

1.5 Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

1.6.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

1.7 Family

1.7.1 Group

Not Applicable

1.9 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

3 Texture

3.1 Texture

Rough, Sandy

Earthy

3.2 Color

Brown, Brown- Black, Gold, Green, Rust

Beige, Black, Brown, Colourless, Cream, Dark Brown, Green, Grey, Light Green, Light to Dark Grey, Pink, Red, White, Yellow

3.4 Maintenance

Less

3.6 Durability

Durable

3.6.2 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

81% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

59% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

3.6.6 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

62% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

3.7.1 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

42% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

43% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

4.2.3 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

19% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

38% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

4.3.3 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

15% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

22% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

4.4 Appearance

Dull and Banded

Layered and Foliated

5 Uses

5.1 Architecture

5.1.2 Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

5.1.3 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

5.1.4 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

5.2 Industry

5.2.1 Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Construction Aggregate, Roadstone

6.0.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

6.2 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture

6.3 Other Uses

6.3.1 Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Gemstone

An Oil and Gas Reservoir, As a Feed Additive for Livestock, Gemstone, Metallurgical Flux, Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO), Tombstones

7 Types

7.1 Types

Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan

Not Available

7.2 Features

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Very fine grained rock

7.3 Archaeological Significance

7.3.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

Used

7.3.3 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

7.3.4 Sculpture

Not Yet Used

Used

7.3.6 Famous Sculptures

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

7.3.8 Pictographs

Used

Not Used

7.3.10 Petroglyphs

Used

Not Used

7.3.11 Figurines

Not Yet Used

Used

7.4 Fossils

Absent

Present

8 Formation

8.1 Formation

Earth movements can cause rocks to be either deeply buried or squeezed and hence the rocks are heated and put under great pressure.

Gritstone is a type of sedimentary rock which was formed on the floors of wide river deltas where the grit deposits were laid down, with every tide or flood dumping another layer of sediment.

8.2 Composition

8.2.1 Mineral Content

Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon

Calcite, Clay Minerals, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz

8.2.2 Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Fe, FeO, Silicon Dioxide, Sulphur

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide

8.3 Transformation

8.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

50% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

19% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

8.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

8.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

78% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

8.3.4 Types of Weathering

Not Applicable

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

8.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

77% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

86% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

8.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion

9 Properties

9.1 Physical Properties

9.1.1 Hardness

4-5

6-7

9.1.2 Grain Size

Fine to Medium Grained

Coarse Grained

9.1.3 Fracture

Conchoidal

9.1.4 Streak

White to Grey

White

9.1.5 Porosity

Highly Porous

9.1.6 Luster

Metallic

Dull

9.1.7 Compressive Strength

What Is Flint

⊕

▶

▼

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

70.00 N/mm²

Rank: 24 (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Obsidian

⊕

▶

175 (What Is Grani..)

◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

9.2.2 Cleavage

Not Available

Perfect

9.2.3 Toughness

Not Available

9.2.4 Specific Gravity

2.0

2.250

9.2.5 Transparency

Opaque

9.2.6 Density

Not Available

2.2 g/cm³

9.3 Thermal Properties

9.3.1 Specific Heat Capacity

What Is Banded ..

⊕

▶

▼

0.24 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 24 (Overall)▶

0.92 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 10 (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Granulite

⊕

▶

1.09 (What Is Trave..)

◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

10.3.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

11 Reserves

11.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

11.1.1 Asia

China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea

China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan

11.1.2 Africa

Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa

Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa

11.1.3 Europe

Albania, France, Germany, Great Britain, United Kingdom

Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

11.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

Greenland

11.2 Deposits in Western Continents

11.2.1 North America

Canada, USA

11.2.2 South America

Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Brazil

11.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

11.3.1 Australia

New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia

All about Gossan and Gritstone Properties

Know all about Gossan and Gritstone properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Gossan belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Gritstone belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Gossan is Rough, Sandy whereas that of Gritstone is Earthy. Gossan appears Dull and Banded and Gritstone appears Layered and Foliated. The luster of Gossan is metallic while that of Gritstone is dull. Gossan is available in brown, brown- black, gold, green, rust colors whereas Gritstone is available in beige, black, brown, colourless, cream, dark brown, green, grey, light green, light to dark grey, pink, red, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Gossan are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, gemstone and that of Gritstone are an oil and gas reservoir, as a feed additive for livestock, gemstone, metallurgical flux, production of lime, soil conditioner, source of magnesia (mgo), tombstones.