Gossan

Cataclasite

Gossan and Cataclasite

Gossan

Cataclasite

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Definition

Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.

Cataclasite is a type of cataclastic rock that is formed by fracturing and comminution during faulting. It is normally cohesive and non-foliated, consisting of angular clasts in a finer-grained matrix

History

Origin

Indonesia

Swiss Alps, Europe

Discoverer

Cornish Gossen

Michael Tellinger

Etymology

From Cornish gossen from gos, blood from Old Cornish guit

From the Italian word cataclasi

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Rough, Sandy

Clastic

Color

Brown, Brown- Black, Gold, Green, Rust

Brown, Green, White, Yellow

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull and Banded

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Homes

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Gemstone

Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

Types

Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan

Protocataclasite, Mesocataclasite, Ultracataclasite and Foliated cataclasite

Features

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates

Easily splits into thin plates, Is one of the oldest rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Earth movements can cause rocks to be either deeply buried or squeezed and hence the rocks are heated and put under great pressure.

Cataclasiste rocks mainly form by pressure deep under the Earth's surface, from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.

Composition

Mineral Content

Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon

Albite, Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Calcite, Enstatite, Epidote, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyroxene, Quartz

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Fe, FeO, Silicon Dioxide, Sulphur

Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

4-53-4

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine to Medium Grained

Fine Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

White to Grey

Black

Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

Luster

Metallic

Vitreous

Compressive Strength

-50.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

Specific Gravity

2.02.1

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Translucent to Opaque

Density

-9999 g/cm³2.9-3.1 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.24 kJ/Kg K0.84 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea

China, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea

Africa

Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa

Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, South Africa

Europe

Albania, France, Germany, Great Britain, United Kingdom

England, Finland, France, Spain, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA

South America

Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Argentina, Colombia

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

All about Gossan and Cataclasite Properties

Know all about Gossan and Cataclasite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Gossan and Cataclasite belong to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Gossan is Rough, Sandy whereas that of Cataclasite is Clastic. Gossan appears Dull and Banded and Cataclasite appears Dull and Banded. The luster of Gossan is metallic while that of Cataclasite is vitreous. Gossan is available in brown, brown- black, gold, green, rust colors whereas Cataclasite is available in brown, green, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Gossan are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, gemstone and that of Cataclasite are commemorative tablets, creating artwork.