Definition
Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock which forms from rounded gravel and boulder sized clasts which are cemented together in a matrix
  
Scoria is a dark-colored extrusive igneous rock with abundant round bubble-like cavities
  
History
  
  
Origin
Italy
  
Unknown
  
Discoverer
Unknown
  
Unknown
  
Etymology
From Latin conglomeratus, to roll together, i.e. from com together + glomerare to gather into a ball, from glomus (genitive glomeris) a ball
  
From late Middle English (denoting slag from molten metal), from Greek skōria refuse, from skōr dung
  
Class
Sedimentary Rocks
  
Igneous Rocks
  
Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
  
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
  
Family
  
  
Group
Not Applicable
  
Volcanic
  
Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
  
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
  
Texture
Clastic
  
Vesicular
  
Color
Beige, Black, Brown, Buff, Light to Dark Grey, Orange, Rust, White, Yellow
  
Black, Brown, Dark Grey to Black, Red
  
Maintenance
More
  
More
  
Durability
Durable
  
Durable
  
Water Resistant
No
  
Yes
  
Scratch Resistant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Stain Resistant
No
  
No
  
Wind Resistant
No
  
No
  
Acid Resistant
No
  
No
  
Appearance
Shiny and Rounded
  
Glassy and Vesicular
  
Architecture
  
  
Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes
  
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration
  
Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Roof Tiles
  
Garden Decoration, Paving Stone
  
Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
  
Curbing
  
Industry
  
  
Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Roadstone
  
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, In landscaping and drainage works
  
Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
  
Not Yet Used
  
Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
  
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture
  
Other Uses
  
  
Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, In aquifers, Tombstones
  
As a traction material on snow-covered roads, Creating Artwork, High-temperature insulation, In gas barbecue grills
  
Types
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Features
Clasts are smooth to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Matrix variable
  
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Surfaces are often shiny
  
Archaeological Significance
  
  
Monuments
Used
  
Used
  
Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
  
Data Not Available
  
Sculpture
Used
  
Used
  
Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
  
Data Not Available
  
Pictographs
Used
  
Used
  
Petroglyphs
Used
  
Used
  
Figurines
Used
  
Used
  
Fossils
Present
  
Absent
  
Formation
Conglomerate forms where sediments consisting mainly of pebble and cobble-size clasts at least two millimeters in diameter starts accumulating.
  
Scoria forms when magma containing huge amount of dissolved gas flows from a volcano during an eruption.
  
Composition
  
  
Mineral Content
Clay, Sand, Silica, Silt
  
Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz, Silica
  
Compound Content
NaCl, CaO
  
Ca, NaCl
  
Transformation
  
  
Metamorphism
Yes
  
Yes
  
Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
  
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism
  
Weathering
No
  
Yes
  
Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
  
Erosion
No
  
Yes
  
Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion
  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion
  
Physical Properties
  
  
Hardness
2-3
  
5-6
  
Grain Size
Coarse Grained
  
Fine Grained
  
Fracture
Uneven
  
Conchoidal
  
Streak
White
  
White
  
Porosity
Highly Porous
  
Highly Porous
  
Luster
Dull
  
Subvitreous to Dull
  
Cleavage
Non-Existent
  
Perfect
  
Toughness
Not Available
  
2.1
  
Specific Gravity
2.86-2.88
  
Not Available
  
Transparency
Opaque
  
Opaque
  
Density
1.7-2.3 g/cm3
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Properties
  
  
Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K
  
10
Not Available
  
Resistance
Heat Resistant
  
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
  
Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  
Asia
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan
  
Afghanistan, Indonesia, Japan, Russia
  
Africa
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa
  
Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania
  
Europe
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom
  
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Turkey
  
Others
Greenland
  
Not Yet Found
  
Deposits in Western Continents
  
  
North America
Canada, USA
  
Bahamas, Barbados, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, USA
  
South America
Brazil
  
Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru
  
Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  
Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand
  
New Zealand, Western Australia