Chalk

Nephelinite

Chalk and Nephelinite

Chalk

Nephelinite

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Chalk is a soft, white, powdery limestone consisting mainly of fossil shells of foraminifers

Nephelinite is a fine-grained or aphanitic igneous rock made up almost entirely of nepheline and clinopyroxene (variety augite).

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Unknown

Brazil

1.2.2 Discoverer

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From old English cealc chalk, lime, plaster; pebble, from Greek khalix small pebble, in English transferred to the opaque, white, soft limestone

from French néphéline, from Greek nephelē

1.4 Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

Plutonic

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Clastic or Non-Clastic

Aphanitic

2.2 Color

Grey, White, Yellow

Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

59% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

81% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

62% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

86% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

43% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

66% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

38% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

49% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

22% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

48% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.5 Appearance

Soft

Skeletal

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Powder

Curbing

1.1 Industry

1.2.1 Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, raw material for manufacture of quicklime and slaked lime, Source of calcium

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

1.2.3 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

1.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

1.4 Other Uses

1.4.1 Commercial Uses

Alumina Refineries, Creating Artwork, Drawing on blackboards, Gymnasts, athletes and mountain climbers use for grip, In aquifers, Paper Industry, Production of Lime, Raw material for manufacture of quicklime, slaked lime, Soil Conditioner, Whiting, Whiting material in toothpaste, paint and paper

Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)

2 Types

2.1 Types

Not Available

Peralkaline Nephelinite

2.2 Features

Clasts are smooth to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Smooth to touch, Very fine grained rock

Host Rock for Lead

2.3 Archaeological Significance

2.3.1 Monuments

Used

2.3.3 Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

2.3.4 Sculpture

Used

2.3.6 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

2.3.7 Pictographs

Used

Not Used

2.3.9 Petroglyphs

Used

Not Used

2.3.11 Figurines

Used

2.4 Fossils

Present

Absent

3 Formation

3.1 Formation

Chalk is formed from lime mud, which accumulates on the sea floor which is then transformed into rock by geological processes.

Nephelinite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

3.2 Composition

3.2.1 Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Quartz, Sand

Clinopyroxene, Nepheline, Plagioclase

3.2.2 Compound Content

Ca, NaCl, CaO

Ca, CaO, Carbon, Cl, MgO

3.3 Transformation

3.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

19% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

97% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

3.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Contact Metamorphism

3.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

78% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

99% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

3.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

3.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

86% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

92% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

3.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

4 Properties

4.1 Physical Properties

4.1.1 Hardness

6.5

4.1.2 Grain Size

Very fine-grained

Fine Grained

4.1.3 Fracture

Not Available

Flat

4.1.4 Streak

White

4.1.5 Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

4.1.6 Luster

Dull

Vitreous to Metallic

4.1.7 Compressive Strength

What Is Flint

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▶

▼

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

35.00 N/mm²

Rank: 29 (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Obsidian

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▶

175 (What Is Grani..)

◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

4.2.2 Cleavage

Non-Existent

Imperfect

4.2.3 Toughness

2.7

4.2.4 Specific Gravity

2.3-2.4

2.4-2.9

4.2.5 Transparency

Opaque

4.2.6 Density

2.49-2.50 g/cm³

2.5-3 g/cm³

4.3 Thermal Properties

4.3.1 Specific Heat Capacity

What Is Banded ..

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▶

▼

0.90 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 12 (Overall)▶

0.88 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 13 (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Granulite

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▶

1.09 (What Is Trave..)

◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

4.3.3 Resistance

Heat Resistant

5 Reserves

5.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

5.1.1 Asia

Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam

Japan

5.1.2 Africa

Cameroon, Chad, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Rwanda, Tanzania

5.1.3 Europe

England, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom

Not Yet Found

5.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

Hawaii Islands

5.2 Deposits in Western Continents

5.2.1 North America

Canada, USA

5.2.2 South America

Colombia

5.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

5.3.1 Australia

Adelaide, New Zealand, Queensland, Tonga, Victoria, Yorke Peninsula

Not Yet Found

All about Chalk and Nephelinite Properties

Know all about Chalk and Nephelinite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Chalk belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Nephelinite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Chalk is Clastic or Non-Clastic whereas that of Nephelinite is Aphanitic. Chalk appears Soft and Nephelinite appears Skeletal. The luster of Chalk is dull while that of Nephelinite is vitreous to metallic. Chalk is available in grey, white, yellow colors whereas Nephelinite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Chalk are alumina refineries, creating artwork, drawing on blackboards, gymnasts, athletes and mountain climbers use for grip, in aquifers, paper industry, production of lime, raw material for manufacture of quicklime, slaked lime, soil conditioner, whiting, whiting material in toothpaste, paint and paper and that of Nephelinite are creating artwork, soil conditioner, source of magnesia (mgo).