Chalk

Gabbro

Chalk and Gabbro

Chalk

Gabbro

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Chalk is a soft, white, powdery limestone consisting mainly of fossil shells of foraminifers

Gabbro is an intrusive igneous rock which is chemically equivalent to plutonic Basalt

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Unknown

Germany

1.2.2 Discoverer

Unknown

Christian Leopold von Buch

1.3 Etymology

From old English cealc chalk, lime, plaster; pebble, from Greek khalix small pebble, in English transferred to the opaque, white, soft limestone

From Latin glaber bare, smooth, bald

1.4 Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

1.2 Family

1.2.1 Group

Not Applicable

Plutonic

1.4 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Clastic or Non-Clastic

Phaneritic

2.3 Color

Grey, White, Yellow

Dark Grey to Black

2.5 Maintenance

Less

2.6 Durability

Durable

2.7.2 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.8.1 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

2.8.2 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

2.8.3 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

2.8.4 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

2.9 Appearance

Soft

Veined and Shiny

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Powder

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, raw material for manufacture of quicklime and slaked lime, Source of calcium

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Alumina Refineries, Creating Artwork, Drawing on blackboards, Gymnasts, athletes and mountain climbers use for grip, In aquifers, Paper Industry, Production of Lime, Raw material for manufacture of quicklime, slaked lime, Soil Conditioner, Whiting, Whiting material in toothpaste, paint and paper

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Laboratory bench tops, Jewelry, Sea Defence, Tombstones

4 Types

4.1 Types

Not Available

4.2 Features

Clasts are smooth to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Smooth to touch, Very fine grained rock

Smooth to touch

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

4.3.3 Sculpture

Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

4.3.5 Pictographs

Used

Not Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Used

Not Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Used

4.4 Fossils

Present

Absent

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Chalk is formed from lime mud, which accumulates on the sea floor which is then transformed into rock by geological processes.

Gabbro, a mafic rock, forms due to cooling and crystallization of magma underneath Earth's surface.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Quartz, Sand

Augite, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene

5.2.2 Compound Content

Ca, NaCl, CaO

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Chromium(III) Oxide, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Sulfur Trioxide

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Impact Metamorphism

5.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Chemical Weathering

5.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion

Coastal Erosion

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

1 7

5.1.8 Grain Size

Very fine-grained

Coarse Grained

5.1.9 Fracture

Not Available

Conchoidal

5.1.10 Streak

White

Black

5.1.11 Porosity

Highly Porous

5.1.12 Luster

Dull

Not Available

5.1.13 Compressive Strength

NA225.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

5.1.17 Cleavage

Non-Existent

Not Available

5.1.18 Toughness

1.6

5.1.19 Specific Gravity

2.3-2.42.86-2.87

0 8.4

5.1.22 Transparency

Opaque

5.1.23 Density

2.49-2.50 g/cm³2.7-3.3 g/cm³

0 1400

5.2 Thermal Properties

5.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

0.90 kJ/Kg KNA

0.14 3.2

5.3.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant

Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

6 Reserves

6.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

6.1.1 Asia

Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam

India, Russia

6.1.2 Africa

Cameroon, Chad, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe

South Africa

6.1.3 Europe

England, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom

Germany, Greece, Italy, Scotland, Turkey

6.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

Greenland

6.2 Deposits in Western Continents

6.2.1 North America

Canada, USA

6.2.2 South America

Colombia

Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela

6.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

6.3.1 Australia

Adelaide, New Zealand, Queensland, Tonga, Victoria, Yorke Peninsula

New Zealand, Queensland

All about Chalk and Gabbro Properties

Know all about Chalk and Gabbro properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Chalk belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Gabbro belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Chalk is Clastic or Non-Clastic whereas that of Gabbro is Phaneritic. Chalk appears Soft and Gabbro appears Veined and Shiny. The luster of Chalk is dull while that of Gabbro is not available. Chalk is available in grey, white, yellow colors whereas Gabbro is available in dark grey to black colors. The commercial uses of Chalk are alumina refineries, creating artwork, drawing on blackboards, gymnasts, athletes and mountain climbers use for grip, in aquifers, paper industry, production of lime, raw material for manufacture of quicklime, slaked lime, soil conditioner, whiting, whiting material in toothpaste, paint and paper and that of Gabbro are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, laboratory bench tops, jewelry, sea defence, tombstones.