1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster
Flint is a hard type of sedimentary rock that produces a small piece of burning material when hit by steel
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
Pennsylvania, U.S.
Unknown
1.2.2 Discoverer
1.3 Etymology
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal
From Old English flint - a type of rock mainly known for high hardness and for giving off sparks when struck
1.4 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Amorphous, Glassy
Banded, Rough
2.2 Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Red, White
2.3 Maintenance
2.4 Durability
2.4.1 Water Resistant
2.5.2 Scratch Resistant
2.5.3 Stain Resistant
2.5.4 Wind Resistant
2.5.6 Acid Resistant
2.6 Appearance
Veined or Pebbled
Glassy or Pearly
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Not Yet Used
Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production
Arrowheads, Cutting Tool, Spear Points
3.2.2 Medical Industry
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry
Creating Artwork, Gemstone, In fire-starting tools, Manufacture of tools, Metallurgical Flux, Jewelry, To ignite fire, Used in flintlock firearms
4 Types
4.1 Types
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite
Not Available
4.2 Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates, Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate
5.2 Archaeological Significance
5.2.1 Monuments
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
5.2.4 Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
5.2.5 Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
5.2.7 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
5.3.2 Pictographs
5.3.3 Petroglyphs
5.3.5 Figurines
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
5.5 Fossils
6 Formation
6.1 Formation
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.
Flint is formed by the decomposition and compaction of various organisms such as sponges and diatoms under the water.
6.2 Composition
6.2.1 Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals
Silicon
7.0.2 Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
Silicon Dioxide
7.2 Transformation
7.2.1 Metamorphism
7.2.3 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Not Applicable
7.2.5 Weathering
7.2.6 Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
7.2.8 Erosion
7.3.2 Types of Erosion
Not Applicable
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion
8 Properties
8.1 Physical Properties
8.1.1 Hardness
9.3.2 Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Very fine-grained
9.3.3 Fracture
9.3.4 Streak
9.3.5 Porosity
Less Porous
Highly Porous
9.3.6 Luster
9.3.7 Compressive Strength
10.3.2 Cleavage
Non-Existent
Non-Existent
10.3.3 Toughness
10.3.4 Specific Gravity
10.3.5 Transparency
Opaque
Translucent to Opaque
10.3.6 Density
1.25-2.5 g/cm32.7-2.71 g/cm3
0
1400
10.4 Thermal Properties
10.4.1 Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K0.74 kJ/Kg K
0.14
3.2
10.4.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
11 Reserves
11.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
11.1.1 Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
Azerbaijan, China, Russia
11.1.2 Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
Not Yet Found
11.1.3 Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
11.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Not Yet Found
11.2 Deposits in Western Continents
11.2.1 North America
11.2.2 South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
Bolivia
11.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
11.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
New Zealand, South Australia