Turbidite

Lignite

Turbidite and Lignite

Turbidite

Lignite

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

A sedimentary rock, deposit of a submarine turbidity currents and are composed of layered particles

Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

European Foreland Basins

France

1.2.2 Discoverer

Arnold H. Bouma

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From Medieval Latin turbiditas, from Latin turbidus (turbid). Turbidity current is from 1939

From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1

1.4 Class

Sedimentary Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

1.6 Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Mud-rich, Sandy

Amorphous, Glassy

2.2 Color

Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, Pink

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

2.5 Appearance

Dull and Banded

Veined or Pebbled

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Not Yet Used

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

Not Yet Used

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Not Yet Used

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement

for Road Aggregate, Steel Production

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture

Not Yet Used

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Electricity Generation

4 Types

4.1 Types

Not Available

Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite

4.2 Features

High silica content, Host Rock for Lead

Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Used

Not Yet Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

Not Applicable

4.3.3 Sculpture

Used

Not Yet Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

Not Applicable

4.3.5 Pictographs

Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Used

Not Yet Used

4.4 Fossils

Present

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Turbidite is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock as it flows. These particles then settle down and are subjected to high temperature and pressures hence forming Turbidite.

Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Coesite, Quartz, Sand

Not Available

5.2.2 Compound Content

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

5.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

5.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

1 7

6.1.2 Grain Size

Fine to Coarse Grained

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

6.1.3 Fracture

Splintery

Conchoidal

6.1.4 Streak

White, Greenish White or Grey

Black

6.1.5 Porosity

Very Less Porous

Highly Porous

6.1.6 Luster

Metallic

Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic

6.1.7 Compressive Strength

200.00 N/mm²NA

0.15 450

6.1.8 Cleavage

Disjunctive

Non-Existent

6.1.9 Toughness

2.4

Not Available

6.1.10 Specific Gravity

2.46-2.731.1-1.4

0 8.4

6.1.11 Transparency

Opaque

6.1.12 Density

1.6-2.5 g/cm³800-801 g/cm³

0 1400

6.2 Thermal Properties

6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

0.92 kJ/Kg K1.26 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

6.2.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant

7 Reserves

7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

7.1.1 Asia

Not Yet Found

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

7.1.2 Africa

Western Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

7.1.3 Europe

Austria, Belarus, Romania, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

7.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

7.2 Deposits in Western Continents

7.2.1 North America

Canada, USA

Canada, Mexico, USA

7.2.2 South America

Brazil, Colombia

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

7.3.1 Australia

New Zealand, Western Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

All about Turbidite and Lignite Properties

Know all about Turbidite and Lignite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Turbidite and Lignite belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Turbidite is Mud-rich, Sandy whereas that of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy. Turbidite appears Dull and Banded and Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Turbidite is metallic while that of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic. Turbidite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, pink colors whereas Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Turbidite are cemetery markers, creating artwork and that of Lignite are electricity generation.