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Tuff
Tuff

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Cataclasite



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Tuff vs Cataclasite

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1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption
Cataclasite is a type of cataclastic rock that is formed by fracturing and comminution during faulting. It is normally cohesive and non-foliated, consisting of angular clasts in a finer-grained matrix
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
Italy
Swiss Alps, Europe
1.2.2 Discoverer
Unknown
Michael Tellinger
1.3 Etymology
From a Latin word tophous then in Italian tufo and finally tuff
From the Italian word cataclasi
1.4 Class
Igneous Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Volcanic
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Clastic, Pyroclastic
Clastic
2.2 Color
Brown, Grey, Yellow
Brown, Green, White, Yellow
2.3 Maintenance
More
Less
2.4 Durability
Durable
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
81% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
81% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
86% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
66% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
42% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
49% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
19% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
48% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
15% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.5 Appearance
Dull, Vesicular and Foilated
Dull and Banded
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
Decorative Aggregates, Homes
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
Curbing
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate
As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate
3.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
Artifacts
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork
Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork
4 Types
4.1 Types
Welded tuff, Rhyolitic tuff, Basaltic tuff, Trachyte tuff, Andesitic tuff and Ignimbrite.
Protocataclasite, Mesocataclasite, Ultracataclasite and Foliated cataclasite
4.2 Features
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust
Easily splits into thin plates, Is one of the oldest rock
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Easter Island in the Polynesian Triangle, Pacific Ocean
Not Applicable
4.3.3 Sculpture
Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Not Applicable
4.3.5 Pictographs
Used
Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Used
Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Used
Not Yet Used
4.4 Fossils
Absent
Absent
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Tuff is formed when large masses of ash and sand which are mixed with hot gases are ejected by a volcano and avalanche rapidly down its slopes.
Cataclasiste rocks mainly form by pressure deep under the Earth's surface, from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Calcite, Chlorite
Albite, Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Calcite, Enstatite, Epidote, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyroxene, Quartz
5.2.2 Compound Content
Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide
Silicon Dioxide
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
97% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
50% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Not Applicable
5.3.3 Weathering
99% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Mechanical Weathering
5.3.5 Erosion
92% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
77% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
Coastal Erosion, Wind Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
4-6
3-4
6.1.2 Grain Size
Fine Grained
Fine Grained
6.1.3 Fracture
Uneven
NA
6.1.4 Streak
White
Black
6.1.5 Porosity
Highly Porous
Less Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Vitreous to Dull
Vitreous
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
Flint
243.80 N/mm2
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Obsidian
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6.1.8 Cleavage
Not Available
Not Available
6.1.9 Toughness
Not Available
Not Available
6.1.10 Specific Gravity
2.73
2.1
6.1.11 Transparency
Opaque
Translucent to Opaque
6.1.12 Density
1-1.8 g/cm3
2.9-3.1 g/cm3
6.2 Thermal Properties
6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
Banded iron for..
0.20 kJ/Kg K
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Granulite
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6.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant
7 Reserves
7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
7.1.1 Asia
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen
China, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea
7.1.2 Africa
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda
Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, South Africa
7.1.3 Europe
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom
England, Finland, France, Spain, United Kingdom
7.1.4 Others
Antarctica, Hawaii Islands
Not Yet Found
7.2 Deposits in Western Continents
7.2.1 North America
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA
Canada, USA
7.2.2 South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay
Argentina, Colombia
7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
7.3.1 Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia

Tuff vs Cataclasite Information

Earth’s outer layer is covered by rocks and these rocks have different physical and chemical properties. As two rocks are not same, it’s fun to compare them. You can also know more about Tuff and Cataclasite Reserves. Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. Cataclasite is a type of cataclastic rock that is formed by fracturing and comminution during faulting. It is normally cohesive and non-foliated, consisting of angular clasts in a finer-grained matrix. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals. The process of formation of rocks is different for various rocks. Rocks are quarried from many years for various purposes. You can check out Tuff vs Cataclasite information and Tuff vs Cataclasite characteristics in the upcoming sections.

Tuff vs Cataclasite Characteristics

Though some rocks look identical, they have certain characteristics which distinguish them from others. Characteristics of rocks include texture, appearance, color, fracture, streak, hardness etc. Tuff vs Cataclasite characteristics assist us to distinguish and recognize rocks. Also you can check about Properties of Tuff and Properties of Cataclasite. Learn more about Tuff vs Cataclasite in the next section. The interior uses of Tuff include Decorative aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes and Interior decoration whereas the interior uses of Cataclasite include Decorative aggregates and Homes. Due to some exceptional properties of Tuff and Cataclasite, they have various applications in construction industry. The uses of Tuff in construction industry include Building houses or walls, Construction aggregate and that of Cataclasite include As dimension stone, Building houses or walls, Cement manufacture, Construction aggregate, For road aggregate.

More about Tuff and Cataclasite

Here you can know more about Tuff and Cataclasite. The life cycle of a rock consists of formation of rock, composition of rock and transformation of rock. The composition of Tuff and Cataclasite consists of mineral content and compound content. The mineral content of Tuff includes Calcite, Chlorite and mineral content of Cataclasite includes Albite, Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Calcite, Enstatite, Epidote, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyroxene, Quartz. You can also check out the list of all Igneous Rocks. When we have to compare Tuff vs Cataclasite, the texture, color and appearance plays an important role in determining the type of rock. Tuff is available in brown, grey, yellow colors whereas, Cataclasite is available in brown, green, white, yellow colors. Appearance of Tuff is Dull, Vesicular and Foilated and that of Cataclasite is Dull and Banded. Properties of rock is another aspect for Tuff vs Cataclasite. The hardness of Tuff is 4-6 and that of Cataclasite is 3-4. The types of Tuff are Welded tuff, Rhyolitic tuff, Basaltic tuff, Trachyte tuff, Andesitic tuff and Ignimbrite. whereas types of Cataclasite are Protocataclasite, Mesocataclasite, Ultracataclasite and Foliated cataclasite. Streak of rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. The streak of Tuff is white while that of Cataclasite is black. The specific heat capacity of Tuff is 0.20 kJ/Kg K and that of Cataclasite is Not Available. Depending on the properties like hardness, toughness, specific heat capacity, porosity etc., rocks are resistant to heat, wear, impact, etc.Tuff is heat resistant, impact resistant, pressure resistant, wear resistant whereas Cataclasite is heat resistant, impact resistant, pressure resistant.