Tuff

Hawaiite

Tuff and Hawaiite

Tuff

Hawaiite

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption

Hawaiite is volcanic rock that resembles basalt. It is an olivine basalt with intermediate composition between alkali olivine and mugearite

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Italy

Hawaii Islands

1.2.2 Discoverer

Unknown

Joseph Iddings

1.3 Etymology

From a Latin word tophous then in Italian tufo and finally tuff

From Hawaii Islands

1.4 Class

Igneous Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Volcanic

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Clastic, Pyroclastic

Glassy, Massive, Porphyritic, Scoriaceous, Vesicular

2.2 Color

Brown, Grey, Yellow

Black, Brown, Light to Dark Grey

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

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81% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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81% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

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86% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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86% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

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66% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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66% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

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49% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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49% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

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48% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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48% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.5 Appearance

Dull, Vesicular and Foilated

Dull and Soft

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Hotels, Interior Decoration, Kitchens

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate

As Dimension Stone, Cobblestones, Rail Track Ballast, Roadstone

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork

Creating Artwork, Sea Defence

4 Types

4.1 Types

Welded tuff, Rhyolitic tuff, Basaltic tuff, Trachyte tuff, Andesitic tuff and Ignimbrite.

Not Available

4.2 Features

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust

Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate, Very fine grained rock

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Easter Island in the Polynesian Triangle, Pacific Ocean

4.3.3 Sculpture

Used

Not Yet Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

Not Applicable

4.3.5 Pictographs

Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Used

Not Yet Used

4.4 Fossils

Absent

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Tuff is formed when large masses of ash and sand which are mixed with hot gases are ejected by a volcano and avalanche rapidly down its slopes.

Hawaiite is a fine-grained, hard rock that forms when bits of lava shoot out of volcanoes and reach the Earth's surface.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Calcite, Chlorite

Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene

5.2.2 Compound Content

Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

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97% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

97% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Impact Metamorphism

5.3.3 Weathering

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99% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

99% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Biological Weathering

5.3.5 Erosion

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92% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

92% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Not Applicable

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

4-6

6.1.2 Grain Size

Fine Grained

Not Applicable

6.1.3 Fracture

Uneven

Conchoidal

6.1.4 Streak

White

Not Available

6.1.5 Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

6.1.6 Luster

Vitreous to Dull

Not Available

6.1.7 Compressive Strength

What Is Flint

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243.80 N/mm²

Rank: 5 (Overall)▶

37.40 N/mm²

Rank: 28 (Overall)▶

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What Is Obsidian

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▶

175 (What Is Grani..)

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6.1.8 Cleavage

Not Available

Not Applicable

6.1.9 Toughness

Not Available

6.1.10 Specific Gravity

2.73

Not Available

6.1.11 Transparency

Opaque

6.1.12 Density

1-1.8 g/cm³

Not Available

6.2 Thermal Properties

6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

What Is Banded ..

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▶

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0.20 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 25 (Overall)▶

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Granulite

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▶

1.09 (What Is Trave..)

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6.2.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

7 Reserves

7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

7.1.1 Asia

Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen

India, Russia

7.1.2 Africa

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda

South Africa

7.1.3 Europe

France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom

Iceland

7.1.4 Others

Antarctica, Hawaii Islands

Hawaii Islands

7.2 Deposits in Western Continents

7.2.1 North America

Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA

Canada, USA

7.2.2 South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay

Brazil

7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

7.3.1 Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

Not Yet Found

All about Tuff and Hawaiite Properties

Know all about Tuff and Hawaiite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Tuff and Hawaiite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Tuff is Clastic, Pyroclastic whereas that of Hawaiite is Glassy, Massive, Porphyritic, Scoriaceous, Vesicular. Tuff appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated and Hawaiite appears Dull and Soft. The luster of Tuff is vitreous to dull while that of Hawaiite is not available. Tuff is available in brown, grey, yellow colors whereas Hawaiite is available in black, brown, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Tuff are creating artwork and that of Hawaiite are creating artwork, sea defence.