Tuff

Adakite

Tuff and Adakite

Tuff

Adakite

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Definition

Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption

Adakite is an intermediate to felsic volcanic rock that has geochemical characteristics of magma which is said to be formed by partial melting of altered basalt that is subducted below volcanic arcs

History

Origin

Italy

Adak, Aleutian Islands

Discoverer

Unknown

Defant and Drummond

Etymology

From a Latin word tophous then in Italian tufo and finally tuff

From Adak, Aleutian Islands

Class

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Clastic, Pyroclastic

Porphyritic

Color

Brown, Grey, Yellow

Black, Brown, Light to Dark Grey

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull, Vesicular and Foilated

Dull and Soft

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Hotels, Kitchens

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Whetstones

Industry

Construction Industry

Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate

As Dimension Stone, Cobblestones, Rail Track Ballast, Roadstone

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork

Commemorative Tablets, Pottery, Used in aquariums

Types

Welded tuff, Rhyolitic tuff, Basaltic tuff, Trachyte tuff, Andesitic tuff and Ignimbrite.

Intermediate volcanic rock

Features

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust

Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate, Host rock for Diamond, Very fine grained rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Easter Island in the Polynesian Triangle, Pacific Ocean

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Tuff is formed when large masses of ash and sand which are mixed with hot gases are ejected by a volcano and avalanche rapidly down its slopes.

Adakite rocks are formed when the hydrous fluids are released from minerals that break down in metamorphosed basalt, and rise into the mantle they initiate partial melting.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Chlorite

Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene

Compound Content

Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide

Aluminium Oxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

4-63-4

1 7

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Grain Size

Fine Grained

Fine to Medium Grained

Fracture

Uneven

Conchoidal

Streak

White

Bluish Black

Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

Luster

Vitreous to Dull

Grainy, Pearly and Vitreous

Compressive Strength

243.80 N/mm²200.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

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Cleavage

Toughness

Specific Gravity

2.73-9999

0 8.4

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Transparency

Opaque

Density

1-1.8 g/cm³-9999 g/cm³

0 1400

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Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.20 kJ/Kg K0.84 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

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Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen

India, Russia

Africa

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda

Ethiopia, Somalia, South Africa

Europe

France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom

Iceland

Others

Antarctica, Hawaii Islands

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA

Canada, USA

South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay

Brazil

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

All about Tuff and Adakite Properties

Know all about Tuff and Adakite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Tuff and Adakite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Tuff is Clastic, Pyroclastic whereas that of Adakite is Porphyritic. Tuff appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated and Adakite appears Dull and Soft. The luster of Tuff is vitreous to dull while that of Adakite is grainy, pearly and vitreous. Tuff is available in brown, grey, yellow colors whereas Adakite is available in black, brown, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Tuff are creating artwork and that of Adakite are commemorative tablets, pottery, used in aquariums.