Tonalite and Arkose

Tonalite

Arkose

Definition

Tonalite is a coarse-grained plutonic rock consisting mainly of sodic plagioclase, quartz, and hornblende or other mafic minerals with phaneritic texture

Arkose is a sedimentary rock, specifically a type of sandstone containing at least 25% feldspar

History

Origin

Tonale, Italy

France

Discoverer

Unknown

Alexandre Brongniart

Etymology

From Tonale Pass, northern Italy, + -ite1

From Auvergne region of France used by a French geologist Alexandre Brongniart in 1826 who applied this term to some feldspathic sandstones

Class

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Plutonic

Not Applicable

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Phaneritic

Clastic

Color

Black, Brown, Light to Dark Grey, White

Reddish Brown

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

Yes

Scratch Resistant

Yes

Stain Resistant

Yes

Wind Resistant

Acid Resistant

Yes

Appearance

Banded and Foilated

Rough and Dull

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Paving Stone, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Whetstones

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Production of Glass and Ceramics, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Sculpture

Artifacts, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

In aquifers, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO), Tombstones

Types

Dacite

Not Available

Features

Is one of the oldest rock, Typically speckled black and white.

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Not Yet Used

Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

Sculpture

Used

Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

Pictographs

Not Used

Petroglyphs

Not Used

Figurines

Used

Fossils

Absent

Present

Formation

When alkali feldspar is extracted from granite, it changes to granitoid and later, it becomes tonalite with quartz as major mineral.

Arkose rock forms from the weathering of feldspar-rich igneous or metamorphic rock, most commonly granitic rocks, which are primarily composed of quartz and feldspar.

Composition

Mineral Content

Albite, Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Manganese Oxides, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Titanite, Zircon

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz

Compound Content

NaCl, CaO, MgO, Silicon Dioxide

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

Yes

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Weathering

Yes

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

Yes

Types of Erosion

Wind Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

6-7

Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

Bluish Black

White

Porosity

Very Less Porous

Highly Porous

Luster

Subvitreous to Dull

Dull

Cleavage

Not Available

Toughness

2.1

Not Available

Specific Gravity

2.86-3

Transparency

Opaque

Density

2.73 g/cm³

Not Available

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.92 kJ/Kg K

Not Available

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Water Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Not Yet Found

China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan

Africa

Egypt

Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa

Europe

Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Sweden, Turkey

Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Others

Not Yet Found

Greenland

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

USA

Canada, USA

South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Brazil

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New Zealand, South Australia, Western Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand

Summary >>

<< Reserves

All about Tonalite and Arkose Properties

Know all about Tonalite and Arkose properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Tonalite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Arkose belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Tonalite is Phaneritic whereas that of Arkose is Clastic. Tonalite appears Banded and Foilated and Arkose appears Rough and Dull. The luster of Tonalite is subvitreous to dull while that of Arkose is dull. Tonalite is available in black, brown, light to dark grey, white colors whereas Arkose is available in reddish brown colors. The commercial uses of Tonalite are cemetery markers, creating artwork and that of Arkose are in aquifers, soil conditioner, source of magnesia (mgo), tombstones.