Tephrite

Anthracite

Tephrite and Anthracite

Tephrite

Anthracite

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Definition

Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock

Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster

History

Origin

Germany

Pennsylvania, U.S.

Discoverer

Van Tooren

Unknown

Etymology

From Greek tephra, ashes from Indo-European base, to burn

From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal

Class

Igneous Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Amorphous, Glassy

Color

Black, Brown, Green, Grey, White

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Vesicular

Veined or Pebbled

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Landscaping

Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production

Medical Industry

In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Sculpture

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner

Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry

Types

Igneous rock

Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite

Features

Host Rock for Lead

Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Tephrite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.

Composition

Mineral Content

Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals

Compound Content

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

6.51-1.5

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fracture

Uneven

Conchoidal

Streak

Bluish Black

Black

Porosity

Very Less Porous

Less Porous

Luster

Subvitreous to Dull

Shiny

Compressive Strength

90.00 N/mm²-

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Crenulation and Pervasive

Toughness

2.4

Specific Gravity

2.861.1-1.4

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

2.8-2.9 g/cm³1.25-2.5 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.92 kJ/Kg K1.32 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Heat Resistant, Water Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

Africa

Namibia, Uganda

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Europe

Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

USA

Canada, Mexico, USA

South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New Zealand, Western Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

All about Tephrite and Anthracite Properties

Know all about Tephrite and Anthracite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Tephrite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Tephrite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy. Tephrite appears Vesicular and Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Tephrite is subvitreous to dull while that of Anthracite is shiny. Tephrite is available in black, brown, green, grey, white colors whereas Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Tephrite are production of lime, soil conditioner and that of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry.