1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Syenite is a coarse-grained igneous rock which is composed mainly of alkali feldspar and various ferromagnesian minerals
Phonolite is an uncommon extrusive igneous rock volcanic rock of intermediate chemical composition between felsic and mafic
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
1.2.2 Discoverer
1.3 Etymology
From French syénite, from Latin Syenites (lapis ) (stone) of Syene
From the Greek meaning sounding stone because of the metallic sound it produces if an unfractured plate is hit
1.4 Class
Igneous Rocks
Igneous Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
2.2 Color
Brown, Buff, Cream, Green, Grey, Pink, White
Brown, Buff, Cream, Green, Grey, Pink, White
2.3 Maintenance
2.4 Durability
2.4.1 Water Resistant
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
2.5 Appearance
Banded and Foilated
Banded and Foilated
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Flooring, Homes, Hotels, Interior Decoration
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes
3.1.3 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
3.1.6 Other Architectural Uses
3.2 Industry
1.2.2 Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories, Production of Glass and Ceramics
1.2.4 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
1.1 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture
1.4 Other Uses
1.4.1 Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork
3 Types
3.1 Types
3.4 Features
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Is one of the oldest rock, Matrix variable
Application of acids on the surface causes cloudy frosting, Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Dissolves in hydrochloric acid, Is one of the oldest rock
3.7 Archaeological Significance
3.7.2 Monuments
3.8.1 Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
Data Not Available
3.8.3 Sculpture
4.2.1 Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Data Not Available
4.3.1 Pictographs
4.5.1 Petroglyphs
5.1.3 Figurines
5.2 Fossils
6 Formation
6.1 Formation
Syenites are formed due to alkaline igneous activities and are generally formed in thick continental crustal areas or in Cordilleran subduction zones.
Phonolite are formed due to alkaline igneous activities and are generally formed in thick continental crustal areas or in Cordilleran subduction zones.
6.4 Composition
6.4.1 Mineral Content
Amphibole, Biotite, Feldspar, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz
Albite, Amphibole, Biotite, Cancrinite, Feldspar, Hornblende, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Sodalite
7.3.1 Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide
8.3 Transformation
8.3.1 Metamorphism
8.3.5 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Contact Metamorphism
8.4.1 Weathering
8.4.6 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
8.5.2 Erosion
8.7.1 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
11 Properties
11.1 Physical Properties
11.3.1 Hardness
14.2.2 Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Fine Grained
14.2.3 Fracture
Not Available
Conchoidal to Uneven
14.2.4 Streak
14.2.5 Porosity
14.2.6 Luster
Subvitreous to Dull
Greasy to Dull
14.2.7 Compressive Strength
150.00 N/mm2150.00 N/mm2
0.15
450
15.4.5 Cleavage
15.4.6 Toughness
Not Available
Not Available
15.4.7 Specific Gravity
16.1.3 Transparency
Opaque
Translucent to Opaque
16.1.6 Density
2.6-2.8 g/cm32.6 g/cm3
0
1400
16.5 Thermal Properties
16.5.1 Specific Heat Capacity
17.3.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Wear Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Wear Resistant
18 Reserves
18.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
18.1.1 Asia
China, India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam
Indonesia, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam
18.1.2 Africa
Angola, Egypt, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa
Angola, Egypt, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa
18.1.3 Europe
Bulgaria, England, Germany, Norway, Romania, Switzerland
Andorra, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden
18.1.4 Others
18.2 Deposits in Western Continents
18.2.1 North America
18.2.2 South America
Brazil, Chile
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, Venezuela
18.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
18.3.1 Australia
New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia
New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia