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Slate and Anthracite


Anthracite and Slate


Definition

Definition
Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism  
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster  

History
  
  

Origin
England  
Pennsylvania, U.S.  

Discoverer
Abraham Gottlob Werner  
Unknown  

Etymology
From Old French esclate, from esclat (French éclat)  
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal  

Class
Metamorphic Rocks  
Metamorphic Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
-  

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Foliated  
Amorphous, Glassy  

Color
Black, Brown, Buff, Green, Light to Dark Grey, Purple, Red, Shades of Blue  
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
No  

Scratch Resistant
Yes  
No  

Stain Resistant
Yes  
No  

Wind Resistant
No  
No  

Acid Resistant
No  
No  

Appearance
Dull  
Veined or Pebbled  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Bathrooms, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Hotels, Interior Decoration, Kitchens, Stair Treads  
-  

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone  
-  

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing  
-  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone  
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production  

Medical Industry
-  
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines  
-  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Blackboards, Commemorative Tablets, Laboratory bench tops, Standard material for the bed of Billiard table, Standard material for the beds of Pool and Snooker table, Tombstones, Used in aquariums, Writing Slates  
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry  

Types

Types
Phyllite, Schist, and Slate  
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite  

Features
Easily splits into thin plates, Surfaces are often shiny, Very fine grained rock  
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Absent  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Slate is a low grade metamorphic rock that is generally formed by metamorphosis of mudstone or shale, under relatively low pressure and temperature conditions.  
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Apatite, Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Graphite, Hematite, Kaolinite, Magnetite, Pyrite, Tourmaline, Zircon  
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals  

Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
No  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  
-  

Erosion
Yes  
No  

Types of Erosion
Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  
-  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
3-4  
1-1.5  

Grain Size
Very fine-grained  
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  

Fracture
Splintery  
Conchoidal  

Streak
Light to dark brown  
Black  

Porosity
Less Porous  
Less Porous  

Luster
Dull  
Shiny  

Compressive Strength
30.00 N/mm2  
99+
-  

Cleavage
Slaty  
-  

Toughness
1.2  
-  

Specific Gravity
2.65-2.8  
1.1-1.4  

Transparency
Opaque  
Opaque  

Density
2.6-2.8 g/cm3  
1.25-2.5 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.76 kJ/Kg K  
19
1.32 kJ/Kg K  
4

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
China, India, Turkey  
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam  

Africa
-  
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania  

Europe
Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom  
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom  

Others
Arctic  
-  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
USA  
Canada, Mexico, USA  

South America
Brazil  
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
-  
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Slate and Anthracite Properties

Know all about Slate and Anthracite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Slate and Anthracite belong to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Slate is Foliated whereas that of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy. Slate appears Dull and Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Slate is dull while that of Anthracite is shiny. Slate is available in black, brown, buff, green, light to dark grey, purple, red, shades of blue colors whereas Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Slate are blackboards, commemorative tablets, laboratory bench tops, standard material for the bed of billiard table, standard material for the beds of pool and snooker table, tombstones, used in aquariums, writing slates and that of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry.

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