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Skarn
Skarn

Hornfels
Hornfels



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Skarn vs Hornfels

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1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Skarns are formed during regional or contact metamorphism and from a variety of metasomatic processes involving fluids of magmatic, metamorphic, and/or marine origin
Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
USA, Australia
New Zealand
1.2.2 Discoverer
Tornebohm
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From an old Swedish mining term originally used to describe a type of silicate gangue or waste rock.
From German which means hornstone
1.4 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Earthy, Mud-rich, Rough
Granular, Platy
2.2 Color
Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White
Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Reddish Brown
2.3 Maintenance
Less
Less
2.4 Durability
Durable
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
2.5 Appearance
Dull
Dull
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Interior Decoration
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
Curbing
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Gold and Silver production, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories
for Road Aggregate, Roadstone
3.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Applicable
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture
Artifacts, Monuments
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry, Metallurgical Flux, Source of Magnesia (MgO)
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork
4 Types
4.1 Types
Endoskarns
Biotite hornfels
4.2 Features
Host Rock for Lead, Zinc and Copper Deposits
Smooth to touch
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Used
Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
Data Not Available
4.3.3 Sculpture
Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Not Applicable
4.3.5 Pictographs
Not Used
Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Not Used
Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Used
Not Yet Used
4.4 Fossils
Absent
Absent
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Skarn is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.
Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Hornfels is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Calcite, Enstatite, Epidote, Garnet, Magnetite, Pyroxene, Titanite
Andalusite
5.2.2 Compound Content
Au, CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Cu, Fe, MgO
Fe, Mg
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Not Applicable
5.3.3 Weathering
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
Biological Weathering
5.3.5 Erosion
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Not Applicable
Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
6.52-3
Coal
1 7
6.1.2 Grain Size
Fine Grained
Fine Grained
6.1.3 Fracture
Irregular
Conchoidal
6.1.4 Streak
Light to dark brown
Unknown
6.1.5 Porosity
Less Porous
Highly Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Waxy and Dull
Shiny
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
NA5.80 N/mm2
Obsidian
0.15 450
6.1.8 Cleavage
Slaty
Perfect
6.1.9 Toughness
2.4
Not Yet Found
6.1.10 Specific Gravity
2.863.4-3.9
Granite
0 8.4
6.1.11 Transparency
Opaque
Opaque
6.1.12 Density
2.8-2.9 g/cm30.25-0.30 g/cm3
Granite
0 1400
6.2 Thermal Properties
6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K0.84 kJ/Kg K
Granulite
0.14 3.2
6.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant
7 Reserves
7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
7.1.1 Asia
China, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, North Korea, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Thailand
7.1.2 Africa
South Africa, Western Africa
Cameroon, East Africa, Tanzania, Western Africa
7.1.3 Europe
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
7.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Not Yet Found
7.2 Deposits in Western Continents
7.2.1 North America
Canada
Canada, USA
7.2.2 South America
Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador
7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
7.3.1 Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia

Skarn vs Hornfels Information

Earth’s outer layer is covered by rocks and these rocks have different physical and chemical properties. As two rocks are not same, it’s fun to compare them. You can also know more about Skarn and Hornfels Reserves. Skarns are formed during regional or contact metamorphism and from a variety of metasomatic processes involving fluids of magmatic, metamorphic, and/or marine origin. Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals. The process of formation of rocks is different for various rocks. Rocks are quarried from many years for various purposes. You can check out Skarn vs Hornfels information and Skarn vs Hornfels characteristics in the upcoming sections.

Skarn vs Hornfels Characteristics

Though some rocks look identical, they have certain characteristics which distinguish them from others. Characteristics of rocks include texture, appearance, color, fracture, streak, hardness etc. Skarn vs Hornfels characteristics assist us to distinguish and recognize rocks. Also you can check about Properties of Skarn and Properties of Hornfels. Learn more about Skarn vs Hornfels in the next section. The interior uses of Skarn include Decorative aggregates, Entryways and Interior decoration whereas the interior uses of Hornfels include Decorative aggregates, Flooring, Homes and Interior decoration. Due to some exceptional properties of Skarn and Hornfels, they have various applications in construction industry. The uses of Skarn in construction industry include As a flux in the production of steel and pig iron, As a sintering agent in steel industry to process iron ore, As dimension stone, Gold and silver production, Manufacture of magnesium and dolomite refractories and that of Hornfels include For road aggregate, Roadstone.

More about Skarn and Hornfels

Here you can know more about Skarn and Hornfels. The life cycle of a rock consists of formation of rock, composition of rock and transformation of rock. The composition of Skarn and Hornfels consists of mineral content and compound content. The mineral content of Skarn includes Calcite, Enstatite, Epidote, Garnet, Magnetite, Pyroxene, Titanite and mineral content of Hornfels includes Andalusite. You can also check out the list of all Metamorphic Rocks. When we have to compare Skarn vs Hornfels, the texture, color and appearance plays an important role in determining the type of rock. Skarn is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, white colors whereas, Hornfels is available in brown, dark greenish - grey, green, reddish brown colors. Appearance of Skarn is Dull and that of Hornfels is Dull. Properties of rock is another aspect for Skarn vs Hornfels. The hardness of Skarn is 6.5 and that of Hornfels is 2-3. The types of Skarn are Endoskarns whereas types of Hornfels are Biotite hornfels. Streak of rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. The streak of Skarn is light to dark brown while that of Hornfels is unknown. The specific heat capacity of Skarn is 0.92 kJ/Kg K and that of Hornfels is 0.84 kJ/Kg K. Depending on the properties like hardness, toughness, specific heat capacity, porosity etc., rocks are resistant to heat, wear, impact, etc.Skarn is heat resistant whereas Hornfels is heat resistant, impact resistant, pressure resistant.