1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock which is formed by the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles
A ganister is a hard, fine-grained quartzose sandstone or orthoquartzite which is basically used in the manufacture of silica brick typically used to line furnaces and is a type of sedimentary rocks.
1.4 History
1.4.1 Origin
1.5.1 Discoverer
1.6 Etymology
From German Schalstein laminated limestone, and Schalgebirge layer of stone in stratified rock. From Old English scealu in its base sense of- thing that divides or separate,
From gan′is-ter i.e a hard, close-grained siliceous stone, often forming the stratum which underlies a coal-seam
1.7 Class
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
1.7.2 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
1.8 Family
1.8.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1.9 Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Clastic, Splintery
Clastic, Granular, Rough
3.2 Color
Black, Brown, Buff, Green, Grey, Red, Yellow
Beige, Black, Brown, Colourless, Cream, Dark Brown, Green, Grey, Light Green, Light to Dark Grey, Pink, Red, White, Yellow
3.3 Maintenance
3.4 Durability
3.5.2 Water Resistant
3.5.4 Scratch Resistant
3.7.1 Stain Resistant
4.0.3 Wind Resistant
4.2.1 Acid Resistant
4.4 Appearance
5 Uses
5.1 Architecture
5.1.1 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
5.1.3 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Office Buildings
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
5.1.5 Other Architectural Uses
5.2 Industry
5.2.1 Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Production of Glass and Ceramics, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar
5.2.3 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
5.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Sculpture
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
5.4 Other Uses
5.4.1 Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Pottery
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, In aquifers, Petroleum reservoirs, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO), Tombstones
6 Types
6.1 Types
Red Shale, Black Shale, Green Shale, Grey Shale and Yellow Shale
Not Available
7.2 Features
Easily splits into thin plates, Generally rough to touch, Very fine grained rock
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Very fine grained rock
7.4 Archaeological Significance
7.4.1 Monuments
7.4.3 Famous Monuments
Jantar Mantar in India
Data Not Available
7.5.2 Sculpture
7.5.4 Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Data Not Available
7.5.6 Pictographs
7.5.8 Petroglyphs
7.5.10 Figurines
7.6 Fossils
9 Formation
9.1 Formation
Shale forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settle at the bottom of water bodies. They are later compacted hence forming shale.
Ganisters are formed by the destruction of easily weathered minerals mainly feldspar, within the surface horizon of soil by soil-forming processes.
9.2 Composition
9.2.1 Mineral Content
Albite, Biotite, Calcite, Chert, Chlorite, Dolomite, Hematite, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Silica, Sulfides
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz
9.2.2 Compound Content
Ca, Fe, Mg, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide
9.3 Transformation
9.3.1 Metamorphism
9.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
9.3.3 Weathering
9.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Biological Weathering
9.3.5 Erosion
9.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion
Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
10 Properties
10.1 Physical Properties
10.1.1 Hardness
10.1.8 Grain Size
Very fine-grained
Coarse or Fine
10.1.9 Fracture
10.1.10 Streak
10.1.11 Porosity
Highly Porous
Highly Porous
10.1.12 Luster
10.1.13 Compressive Strength
95.00 N/mm295.00 N/mm2
0.15
450
10.1.17 Cleavage
10.1.18 Toughness
10.1.19 Specific Gravity
10.1.22 Transparency
10.1.23 Density
2.4-2.8 g/cm32.2-2.8 g/cm3
0
1400
10.3 Thermal Properties
10.3.1 Specific Heat Capacity
0.39 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K
0.14
3.2
11.3.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant
12 Reserves
12.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
12.1.1 Asia
Bangladesh, China, India, Russia
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan
12.1.2 Africa
Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa
12.1.3 Europe
Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom
12.1.4 Others
12.2 Deposits in Western Continents
12.2.1 North America
12.2.2 South America
Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Brazil
12.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
12.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand