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Shale and Tephrite


Tephrite and Shale


Definition

Definition
Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock which is formed by the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles   
Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock   

History
  
  

Origin
Unknown   
Germany   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Van Tooren   

Etymology
From German Schalstein laminated limestone, and Schalgebirge layer of stone in stratified rock. From Old English scealu in its base sense of- thing that divides or separate,   
From Greek tephra, ashes from Indo-European base, to burn   

Class
Sedimentary Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock   
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Volcanic   

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Clastic, Splintery   
Aphanitic to Porphyritic   

Color
Black, Brown, Buff, Green, Grey, Red, Yellow   
Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White   

Maintenance
More   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
No   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
No   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
No   

Wind Resistant
No   
Yes   

Acid Resistant
No   
No   

Appearance
Muddy   
Vesicular   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration   
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Office Buildings   
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings   

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar   
Landscaping   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Sculpture   
Artifacts, Sculpture   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Pottery   
Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner   

Types

Types
Red Shale, Black Shale, Green Shale, Grey Shale and Yellow Shale   
Not Available   

Features
Easily splits into thin plates, Generally rough to touch, Very fine grained rock   
Host Rock for Lead   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Monuments
Jantar Mantar in India   
Not Applicable   

Sculpture
Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Used   
Not Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Not Used   

Figurines
Used   
Used   

Fossils
Present   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Shale forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settle at the bottom of water bodies. They are later compacted hence forming shale.   
Tephrite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Albite, Biotite, Calcite, Chert, Chlorite, Dolomite, Hematite, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Silica, Sulfides   
Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene   

Compound Content
Ca, Fe, Mg, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium   
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable   
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion   
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
3   
6.5   

Grain Size
Very fine-grained   
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained   

Fracture
Not Available   
Uneven   

Streak
White   
Bluish Black   

Porosity
Highly Porous   
Very Less Porous   

Luster
Dull   
Subvitreous to Dull   

Compressive Strength
95.00 N/mm2   
20
90.00 N/mm2   
22

Cleavage
Slaty   
Crenulation and Pervasive   

Toughness
2.6   
2.4   

Specific Gravity
2.2-2.8   
2.86   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
2.4-2.8 g/cm3   
2.8-2.9 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.39 kJ/Kg K   
23
0.92 kJ/Kg K   
10

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, China, India, Russia   
Not Yet Found   

Africa
Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania   
Namibia, Uganda   

Europe
Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland   
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
USA   
USA   

South America
Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia   
New Zealand, Western Australia   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Shale and Tephrite Properties

Know all about Shale and Tephrite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Shale belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Tephrite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Shale is Clastic, Splintery whereas that of Tephrite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic. Shale appears Muddy and Tephrite appears Vesicular. The luster of Shale is dull while that of Tephrite is subvitreous to dull. Shale is available in black, brown, buff, green, grey, red, yellow colors whereas Tephrite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Shale are creating artwork, pottery and that of Tephrite are production of lime, soil conditioner.

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