Definition
A hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth's mantle is called as serpentinization, a group of minerals is formed by serpentinization compose rock 'serpentinite'.
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster
Origin
USA
Pennsylvania, U.S.
Discoverer
Unknown
Unknown
Etymology
From English word serpentinization.
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal
Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Texture
Earthy
Amorphous, Glassy
Color
Black, Brown, Green, Grey, White
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
Durability
Durable
Durable
Appearance
Rough and Dull
Veined or Pebbled
Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration
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Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings
-
Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
-
Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production
Medical Industry
-
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins
Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Jewellery, Monuments, Sculpture
-
Commercial Uses
Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry
Types
Jadeitite
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite
Features
Host Rock for Lead
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
Archaeological Significance
Formation
Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Serpentinite is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.
Mineral Content
Carbonate, Magnetite, Pyrrhotite, Serpentine, Sulfides
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals
Compound Content
Ca, CaO, Carbon Dioxide, KCl, MgO, Sulfur Dioxide, Sulphur
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion
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Grain Size
Very fine-grained
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Fracture
Uneven
Conchoidal
Streak
White, Greenish White or Grey
Black
Porosity
Less Porous
Less Porous
Luster
Waxy and Dull
Shiny
Specific Gravity
2.79-3
1.1-1.4
Transparency
Opaque
Opaque
Density
2.5-3 g/cm3
1.25-2.5 g/cm3
Resistance
Heat Resistant
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant
Deposits in Eastern Continents
Asia
India, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
Africa
Ethiopia, Western Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
Europe
England, Georgia, Switzerland, United Kingdom
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Deposits in Western Continents
North America
Canada
Canada, Mexico, USA
South America
Colombia
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
Deposits in Oceania Continent
Australia
Central Australia, New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
Serpentinite vs Anthracite Characteristics
Though some rocks look identical, they have certain characteristics which distinguish them from others. Characteristics of rocks include texture, appearance, color, fracture, streak, hardness etc. Serpentinite vs Anthracite characteristics assist us to distinguish and recognize rocks. Also you can check about Properties of Serpentinite and Properties of Anthracite. Learn more about Serpentinite vs Anthracite in the next section. The interior uses of Serpentinite include Decorative aggregates and Interior decoration whereas the interior uses of Anthracite include . Due to some exceptional properties of Serpentinite and Anthracite, they have various applications in construction industry. The uses of Serpentinite in construction industry include As dimension stone, Cement manufacture, For road aggregate, Making natural cement and that of Anthracite include Cement manufacture, For road aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel production.
More about Serpentinite and Anthracite
Here you can know more about Serpentinite and Anthracite. The life cycle of a rock consists of formation of rock, composition of rock and transformation of rock. The composition of Serpentinite and Anthracite consists of mineral content and compound content. The mineral content of Serpentinite includes Carbonate, Magnetite, Pyrrhotite, Serpentine, Sulfides and mineral content of Anthracite includes Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals. You can also check out the list of all Metamorphic Rocks. When we have to compare Serpentinite vs Anthracite, the texture, color and appearance plays an important role in determining the type of rock. Serpentinite is available in black, brown, green, grey, white colors whereas, Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. Appearance of Serpentinite is Rough and Dull and that of Anthracite is Veined or Pebbled. Properties of rock is another aspect for Serpentinite vs Anthracite. The hardness of Serpentinite is 3-5 and that of Anthracite is 1-1.5. The types of Serpentinite are Jadeitite whereas types of Anthracite are Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite. Streak of rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. The streak of Serpentinite is white, greenish white or grey while that of Anthracite is black. The specific heat capacity of Serpentinite is 0.95 kJ/Kg K and that of Anthracite is 1.32 kJ/Kg K. Depending on the properties like hardness, toughness, specific heat capacity, porosity etc., rocks are resistant to heat, wear, impact, etc.Serpentinite is heat resistant whereas Anthracite is heat resistant, water resistant.