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Pumice and Gneiss


Gneiss and Pumice


Definition

Definition
Pumice is a volcanic rock that consists of highly vesicular rough textured volcanic glass, which may or may not contain crystals  
Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks  

History
  
  

Origin
Spain  
Unknown  

Discoverer
Unknown  
Unknown  

Etymology
From Old French pomis, from a Latin dialect variant of pumex  
From the Middle High German verb gneist (to spark; so called because the rock glitters)  

Class
Igneous Rocks  
Metamorphic Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  
Durable Rock, Hard Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
Volcanic  
Not Applicable  

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Coarse Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Vesicular  
Banded, Foliated, Platy  

Color
Beige, Colourless, Grey, Light Green, Light Grey, Pink, White, Yellow- grey  
Black, Brown, Pink, Red, White  

Maintenance
Less  
More  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Wind Resistant
No  
Yes  

Acid Resistant
Yes  
No  

Appearance
Vesicular  
Foliated  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration  
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone  

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing, Powder  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, In landscaping and horticulture, Making natural cement, Production of lightweight concrete blocks  
As Dimension Stone  

Medical Industry
As an abrasive in skin exfoliating products, In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Medicines and Cosmetics  
Not Yet Used  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts  
Artifacts  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
As a traction material on snow-covered roads, As an abrasive in pencil erasers, Fine abrasive used for polishing, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Used in aquariums  
Cemetery Markers, Jewelry, Tombstones, Used in aquariums  

Types

Types
Scoria  
Augen Gneiss, Henderson Gneiss, Lewisian Gneiss, Archean and Proterozoic Gneiss.  

Features
Host Rock for Lead  
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used  
Used  

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable  
Konark Sun Temple in India, Washington Monument, US  

Sculpture
Not Yet Used  
Not Yet Used  

Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable  
Not Applicable  

Pictographs
Used  
Not Used  

Petroglyphs
Used  
Not Used  

Figurines
Not Yet Used  
Not Yet Used  

Fossils
Absent  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Pumice rock forms when the magma cools so quickly that atoms in the melt are not able to arrange themselves into a crystalline structure.  
Gneiss is a high grade metamorphic rock i.e. it has been subjected to higher temperatures and pressures than schist. It is formed by the metamorphosis of Gneiss forms from volcanic rock, shale or granitie.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Aluminum Oxides, Calcite, Carbonate, Iron Oxides, Silica  
Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Quartz, Quartzite, Silica, Zircon  

Compound Content
Al, Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide  
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism  
Impact Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  
Biological Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
6  
7  

Grain Size
Fine Grained  
Medium to Coarse Grained  

Fracture
Planar  
Irregular  

Streak
White, Greenish White or Grey  
White  

Porosity
Highly Porous  
Very Less Porous  

Luster
Earthy  
Dull  

Compressive Strength
51.20 N/mm2  
26
125.00 N/mm2  
17

Cleavage
Perfect  
Poor  

Toughness
3  
1.2  

Specific Gravity
2.86  
2.5-2.7  

Transparency
Opaque  
Translucent to Opaque  

Density
0.25-0.3 g/cm3  
2.6-2.9 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.87 kJ/Kg K  
14
Not Available  

Resistance
Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Afghanistan, Indonesia, Japan, Russia  
China, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia  

Africa
Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania  
Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo  

Europe
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Turkey  
Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Monaco, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom  

Others
Not Yet Found  
Not Yet Found  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Bahamas, Barbados, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, USA  
Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, USA  

South America
Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru  
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New Zealand, Western Australia  
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Pumice and Gneiss Properties

Know all about Pumice and Gneiss properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Pumice belongs to Igneous Rocks while Gneiss belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Pumice is Vesicular whereas that of Gneiss is Banded, Foliated, Platy. Pumice appears Vesicular and Gneiss appears Foliated. The luster of Pumice is earthy while that of Gneiss is dull. Pumice is available in beige, colourless, grey, light green, light grey, pink, white, yellow- grey colors whereas Gneiss is available in black, brown, pink, red, white colors. The commercial uses of Pumice are as a traction material on snow-covered roads, as an abrasive in pencil erasers, fine abrasive used for polishing, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, used in aquariums and that of Gneiss are cemetery markers, jewelry, tombstones, used in aquariums.

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