1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Novaculite is a dense, hard, fine-grained, siliceous metamorpic rock which is a type of chert that breaks with conchoidal fracture
Variolites are a group of dark green basic igneous rocks which exhibit pale colored spots, or spherules, especially on weathered surfaces, that give them a pockmarked appearance
1.3 History
1.3.1 Origin
2.1.3 Discoverer
2.3 Etymology
From Latin word novacula, for razor stone
From Latin varius, speckled, variegated
2.4 Class
Sedimentary Rocks
Igneous Rocks
2.6.2 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
3.2 Family
3.2.1 Group
3.5 Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Opaque Rock
4 Texture
4.1 Texture
Banded, Glassy, Rough, Vitreous
Glassy, Massive, Porphyritic, Scoriaceous, Vesicular
4.2 Color
Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Red, White
Black, Brown, Light to Dark Grey
4.3 Maintenance
4.4 Durability
4.5.1 Water Resistant
5.2.3 Scratch Resistant
5.3.4 Stain Resistant
5.3.8 Wind Resistant
6.1.2 Acid Resistant
6.2 Appearance
Glassy or Pearly
Dull and Soft
7 Uses
7.1 Architecture
7.1.1 Interior Uses
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration
Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Hotels, Kitchens
7.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration
Garden Decoration, Office Buildings
7.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
7.2 Industry
7.2.1 Construction Industry
Arrowheads, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, Cutting Tool, for Road Aggregate, Knives, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Production of Glass and Ceramics, Rail Track Ballast, Roadstone, Spear Points, Used to sharpen metal tools and weapons
As Dimension Stone, Cobblestones, Rail Track Ballast, Roadstone
7.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
7.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture
7.4 Other Uses
7.4.1 Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Gemstone, In aquifers, In fire-starting tools, Jewelry, Manufacture of tools, Pebbles are used in ball mills to grind in ceramics industry, To determine the gold content of jewelry
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork
8 Types
8.1 Types
Not Available
Not Available
8.2 Features
Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates, Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate
Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate, Very fine grained rock
8.3 Archaeological Significance
8.3.1 Monuments
8.3.2 Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
Data Not Available
8.3.3 Sculpture
8.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Data Not Available
8.3.5 Pictographs
8.3.6 Petroglyphs
8.3.7 Figurines
8.4 Fossils
9 Formation
9.1 Formation
Novaculite forms when microcrystals of silicon dioxide grow within soft sediments that become limestone or chalk. The formation of Novaculite can be either of chemical or biological origin.
Variolites are a group of dark green basic igneous rocks that exhibit pale colored spots on weathered surfaces that give them a pockmarked appearance.
9.2 Composition
9.2.1 Mineral Content
Quartz, Silicon
Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene
9.2.2 Compound Content
Ca, Silicon Dioxide
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide
9.3 Transformation
9.3.1 Metamorphism
9.3.4 Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
9.3.7 Weathering
9.3.10 Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
9.3.11 Erosion
9.3.12 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion
Not Applicable
10 Properties
10.1 Physical Properties
10.1.1 Hardness
10.1.5 Grain Size
Fine Grained
Not Applicable
10.1.6 Fracture
10.1.7 Streak
10.1.8 Porosity
10.1.9 Luster
Waxy and Dull
Not Available
10.1.10 Compressive Strength
450.00 N/mm237.50 N/mm2
0.15
450
10.2.2 Cleavage
Non-Existent
Not Available
10.2.3 Toughness
10.2.4 Specific Gravity
11.3.2 Transparency
Translucent to Opaque
Opaque
11.3.3 Density
2.7 g/cm32.9-3.1 g/cm3
0
1400
11.4 Thermal Properties
11.4.1 Specific Heat Capacity
0.74 kJ/Kg K0.84 kJ/Kg K
0.14
3.2
11.4.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
12 Reserves
12.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
12.1.1 Asia
China, India, Iran, Japan, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam
India, Russia
12.1.2 Africa
Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania
South Africa
12.1.3 Europe
Austria, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
Iceland
12.1.4 Others
Greenland, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Not Yet Found
12.2 Deposits in Western Continents
12.2.1 North America
Canada, Mexico, USA
Canada, USA
12.2.2 South America
12.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
12.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia
Not Yet Found