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Nephelinite and Pegmatite


Pegmatite and Nephelinite


Definition

Definition
Nephelinite is a fine-grained or aphanitic igneous rock made up almost entirely of nepheline and clinopyroxene (variety augite).   
Pegmatite rock is a holocrystalline, intrusive igneous rock which is composed of interlocking phaneritic crystals   

History
  
  

Origin
Brazil   
Unknown   

Discoverer
Unknown   
R. J. Hauy   

Etymology
from French néphéline, from Greek nephelē   
From Greek pegma, pegmat which means- thing joined together + -ite   

Class
Igneous Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Plutonic   
Plutonic   

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Aphanitic   
Pegmatitic   

Color
Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White   
Black, Brown, Cream, Green, Grey, Pink, Red, Rust, Silver, White, Yellow   

Maintenance
Less   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Wind Resistant
Yes   
No   

Acid Resistant
Yes   
No   

Appearance
Skeletal   
Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration   
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone   
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone   

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate   
As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines   
Artifacts, Sculpture, Small Figurines   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)   
Creating Artwork, Jewelry, Source of corundum, tourmalines, beryls and topaz   

Types

Types
Peralkaline Nephelinite   
Granite Pegmatite, Gabbro Pegmatite and Diorite Pegmatite   

Features
Host Rock for Lead   
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Source of corundum, tourmalines, beryls and topaz   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Monuments
Data Not Available   
Not Applicable   

Sculpture
Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Not Used   
Not Used   

Petroglyphs
Not Used   
Not Used   

Figurines
Used   
Used   

Fossils
Absent   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Nephelinite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.   
Pegmatite rock is holocrystalline, intrusive igneous rock which is formed by partial melting and dewatering during the process of metamorphism.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Clinopyroxene, Nepheline, Plagioclase   
Apatite, Beryl, Feldspar, Fluorite, Garnet, Lepidolite, Quartz, Silica, Spodumene, Topaz   

Compound Content
Ca, CaO, Carbon, Cl, MgO   
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, Phosphorus Pentoxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Contact Metamorphism   
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
6.5   
7   

Grain Size
Fine Grained   
Medium to Coarse Grained   

Fracture
Flat   
Conchoidal   

Streak
White   
White   

Porosity
Less Porous   
Less Porous   

Luster
Vitreous to Metallic   
Grainy, Pearly and Vitreous   

Compressive Strength
35.00 N/mm2   
29
178.54 N/mm2   
12

Cleavage
Imperfect   
Perfect   

Toughness
2.7   
2.1   

Specific Gravity
2.4-2.9   
2.6-2.63   

Transparency
Opaque   
Translucent to Opaque   

Density
2.5-3 g/cm3   
2.6-2.65 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.88 kJ/Kg K   
13
Not Available   

Resistance
Heat Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Japan   
China, India, Iran, Japan, Nepal, North Korea, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea   

Africa
Rwanda, Tanzania   
South Africa   

Europe
Not Yet Found   
Austria, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine   

Others
Hawaii Islands   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, USA   
Canada   

South America
Colombia   
Brazil   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
Not Yet Found   
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Nephelinite and Pegmatite Properties

Know all about Nephelinite and Pegmatite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Nephelinite and Pegmatite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Nephelinite is Aphanitic whereas that of Pegmatite is Pegmatitic. Nephelinite appears Skeletal and Pegmatite appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. The luster of Nephelinite is vitreous to metallic while that of Pegmatite is grainy, pearly and vitreous. Nephelinite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, white colors whereas Pegmatite is available in black, brown, cream, green, grey, pink, red, rust, silver, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Nephelinite are creating artwork, soil conditioner, source of magnesia (mgo) and that of Pegmatite are creating artwork, jewelry, source of corundum, tourmalines, beryls and topaz.

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