1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Kimberlite is a rare, blue-tinged, coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, which sometimes contains diamonds and is mostly found in South Africa and Siberia.
Diorite is a grey to dark-grey intermediate intrusive igneous rock composed principally of plagioclase feldspar,biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
Kimberley, South Africa
Unknown
1.2.2 Discoverer
1.3 Etymology
From Kimberley + -ite, from the name of the South African town of Kimberley where the rock was first found.
From early 19th century coined in French, formed irregularly from Greek diorizein distinguish
1.4 Class
Igneous Rocks
Igneous Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
2.2 Color
Black, Bluish - Grey, Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Grey
Black, Brown, Light to Dark Grey, White
2.3 Maintenance
2.4 Durability
2.4.1 Water Resistant
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
2.5 Appearance
2 Uses
2.1 Architecture
2.1.1 Interior Uses
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration
2.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration
2.2.2 Other Architectural Uses
2.3 Industry
2.3.1 Construction Industry
As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate
2.3.3 Medical Industry
Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium
Not Yet Used
2.5 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
2.7 Other Uses
2.7.2 Commercial Uses
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, As a Feed Additive for Livestock, Gemstone, Metallurgical Flux, Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)
Creating Artwork, Curling
3 Types
3.1 Types
Basaltic Kimberlites and Micaceous Kimberlites
Not Available
3.2 Features
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust, Host rock for Diamond, Is one of the oldest rock, Surfaces are often shiny
Typically speckled black and white.
3.4 Archaeological Significance
3.4.1 Monuments
3.4.2 Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
Data Not Available
3.5.1 Sculpture
4.1.1 Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Data Not Available
4.2.1 Pictographs
4.2.2 Petroglyphs
4.3.1 Figurines
4.5 Fossils
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Kimberlite is an igneous rock and is the main source of diamonds. Its formation takes place deep beneath the Earth’s surface between 150 to 450 kilometres, and are erupted rapidly and violently.
Diorite is a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock which contains large interlocking and randomly oriented crystals and forms when molten lava does not reach the Earth’s surface and cools down in the Earth’s crust.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Garnet, Olivine, Phlogopite, Pyroxene
Albite, Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Muscovite or Illite, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Titanite, Zircon
5.2.2 Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide
Silicon Dioxide
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
5.3.3 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
5.3.4 Weathering
5.3.6 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
5.4.1 Erosion
5.4.2 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion
7 Properties
7.1 Physical Properties
7.1.1 Hardness
10.1.2 Grain Size
Fine to Coarse Grained
Medium to Coarse Grained
10.1.3 Fracture
10.1.4 Streak
10.1.5 Porosity
Very Less Porous
Very Less Porous
10.1.6 Luster
Subvitreous to Dull
Shiny
10.1.7 Compressive Strength
12.3.2 Cleavage
12.3.3 Toughness
12.3.4 Specific Gravity
12.3.5 Transparency
Translucent to Opaque
Opaque
12.3.6 Density
2.95-2.96 g/cm32.8-3 g/cm3
0
1400
12.4 Thermal Properties
12.4.1 Specific Heat Capacity
12.4.4 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
13 Reserves
13.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
13.1.1 Asia
13.1.2 Africa
Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, South Africa
Egypt
13.1.3 Europe
England, Hungary, Iceland, United Kingdom
Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom
13.1.4 Others
13.2 Deposits in Western Continents
13.2.1 North America
13.2.2 South America
Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
13.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
13.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, South Australia, Western Australia
New Zealand, Western Australia