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Ignimbrite
Ignimbrite

Banded iron formation
Banded iron formation



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Ignimbrite
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Banded iron formation

Ignimbrite and Banded iron formation

1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Ignimbrite is a volcanic rock consisting mainly of pumice fragments, formed by the consolidation of material deposited by pyroclastic flows
Banded iron formation are distinctive units of sedimentary rock that are almost always of Precambrian age
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
New Zealand
Western Australia, Minnesota
1.2.2 Discoverer
Patrick Marshall
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From Latin ignis fire + imber, imbr- shower of rain, storm cloud + -ite
From its formation process
1.4 Class
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Volcanic
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Aphanitic
Banded, Trellis
2.2 Color
Beige, Black, Brown, Grey, Pink, White
Red, Reddish Brown
2.3 Maintenance
More
Less
2.4 Durability
Durable
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
2.5 Appearance
Dull, Vesicular and Foilated
Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration
Decorative Aggregates, Homes
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
Paving Stone, Office Buildings
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
Curbing, Whetstones
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate
As Dimension Stone, Used for flooring, stair treads, borders and window sills.
3.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
Artifacts
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork
As a touchstone, Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork
4 Types
4.1 Types
Not Available
Algoma-type , Lake Superior-type, Superior-type and Taconite
4.2 Features
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust
Is one of the oldest rock
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
Not Applicable
4.3.3 Sculpture
Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Not Applicable
4.3.5 Pictographs
Used
Not Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Used
Not Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Used
Not Yet Used
4.4 Fossils
Absent
Present
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Ignimbrites are formed from very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash or tuff and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments.
The banded iron layers are formed in sea water when oxygen is released by photosynthetic cyano-bacteria. The oxygen then combines with dissolved iron in ocean to form insoluble iron oxides, which precipitated out, forming a thin layer of banded iron formation on ocean floor.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz
Hematite, Magnetite, Quartz
5.2.2 Compound Content
Ca, NaCl
Fe, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Not Applicable
5.3.3 Weathering
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
5.3.5 Erosion
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion
Coastal Erosion, Wind Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
4-65.5-6
Coal
1 7
6.1.2 Grain Size
Fine Grained
Large and Coarse Grained
6.1.3 Fracture
Uneven
Uneven, Splintery or Conchoidal
6.1.4 Streak
White
White
6.1.5 Porosity
Highly Porous
Highly Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Vitreous to Dull
Earthy
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
243.80 N/mm2NA
What Is Obsidian
0.15 450
6.1.8 Cleavage
Not Available
Imperfect
6.1.9 Toughness
Not Available
1.5
6.1.10 Specific Gravity
2.735.0-5.3
Granite
0 8.4
6.1.11 Transparency
Opaque
Translucent to Opaque
6.1.12 Density
1-1.8 g/cm3Not Available
Granite
0 1400
6.2 Thermal Properties
6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
0.20 kJ/Kg K3.20 kJ/Kg K
What Is Granulite
0.14 3.2
6.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
7 Reserves
7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
7.1.1 Asia
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen
China, India, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam
7.1.2 Africa
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania
7.1.3 Europe
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom
Austria, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
7.1.4 Others
Antarctica, Hawaii Islands
Greenland, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
7.2 Deposits in Western Continents
7.2.1 North America
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA
Canada, Mexico, USA
7.2.2 South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador
Bolivia, Brazil
7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
7.3.1 Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

All about Ignimbrite and Banded iron formation Properties

Know all about Ignimbrite and Banded iron formation properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Ignimbrite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Banded iron formation belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Ignimbrite is Aphanitic whereas that of Banded iron formation is Banded, Trellis. Ignimbrite appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated and Banded iron formation appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. The luster of Ignimbrite is vitreous to dull while that of Banded iron formation is earthy. Ignimbrite is available in beige, black, brown, grey, pink, white colors whereas Banded iron formation is available in red, reddish brown colors. The commercial uses of Ignimbrite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork and that of Banded iron formation are as a touchstone, cemetery markers, creating artwork.