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Icelandite and Appinite


Appinite and Icelandite


Definition

Definition
Icelandite belongs to volcanic igneous rocks which is rich in iron and belongs to andesite rock   
Appinite is an igneous rock in which the crystals are so fine grained that individual minerals cannot be easily distinguished   

History
  
  

Origin
Iceland   
Unknown   

Discoverer
Ian S. E. Carmichael   
Unknown   

Etymology
From its origin place near Cenozoic volcano near the parsonage Þingmúli in East Iceland   
From the variety of Lamprophyre Greek lampros bright and shining + porphureos purple   

Class
Igneous Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Volcanic   
Plutonic   

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Aphanitic to Porphyritic   
Porphyritic   

Color
Bluish - Grey, Grey, Pink, Yellow   
Black, Bluish - Grey, Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Grey   

Maintenance
More   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
Yes   

Wind Resistant
Yes   
No   

Acid Resistant
No   
Yes   

Appearance
Dull and Soft   
Dull, Banded and Foilated   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens   
Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
Office Buildings, Roof Tiles   
Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings   

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing   
Whetstones   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate   
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium   

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines   
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork   
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, As a Feed Additive for Livestock, Gemstone, Metallurgical Flux, Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner   

Types

Types
Not Available   
Not Available   

Features
Generally rough to touch, High silica content, Is one of the oldest rock   
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust, Host rock for Diamond, Is one of the oldest rock, Surfaces are often shiny   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Data Not Available   

Sculpture
Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Not Used   
Used   

Petroglyphs
Not Used   
Used   

Figurines
Used   
Used   

Fossils
Absent   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Icelandite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.   
The formation of Appinite takes place deep beneath the Earth’s surface at around 150 to 450 kms, and are erupted rapidly and violently.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Garnet, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Zircon   
Amphibole, Carbonate, Garnet, Micas, Olivine, Phlogopite, Pyroxene   

Compound Content
Silicon Dioxide   
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering   
Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
7   
5-6   

Grain Size
Very fine-grained   
Fine to Coarse Grained   

Fracture
Uneven   
Conchoidal   

Streak
White   
White   

Porosity
Less Porous   
Very Less Porous   

Luster
Vitreous   
Subvitreous to Dull   

Cleavage
Not Available   
Conchoidal   

Toughness
1.1   
Not Available   

Specific Gravity
2.5-2.8   
2.86-2.87   

Transparency
Opaque   
Translucent to Opaque   

Density
2.11-2.36 g/cm3   
2.95-2.96 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
2.39 kJ/Kg K   
2
Not Available   

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, South Korea   
Russia   

Africa
Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania   
Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, South Africa   

Europe
Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom   
England, Hungary, Iceland, United Kingdom   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Antarctica, Greenland   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Mexico, USA   
Canada, Mexico, USA   

South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela   
Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia   
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Icelandite and Appinite Properties

Know all about Icelandite and Appinite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Icelandite and Appinite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Icelandite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Appinite is Porphyritic. Icelandite appears Dull and Soft and Appinite appears Dull, Banded and Foilated. The luster of Icelandite is vitreous while that of Appinite is subvitreous to dull. Icelandite is available in bluish - grey, grey, pink, yellow colors whereas Appinite is available in black, bluish - grey, brown, dark greenish - grey, green, grey colors. The commercial uses of Icelandite are cemetery markers, creating artwork and that of Appinite are an oil and gas reservoir, as a feed additive for livestock, gemstone, metallurgical flux, production of lime, soil conditioner.

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