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Hornfels
Hornfels

Tuff
Tuff



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Hornfels vs Tuff

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1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock
Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
New Zealand
Italy
1.2.2 Discoverer
Unknown
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From German which means hornstone
From a Latin word tophous then in Italian tufo and finally tuff
1.4 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Igneous Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Volcanic
1.6 Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Granular, Platy
Clastic, Pyroclastic
2.2 Color
Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Reddish Brown
Brown, Grey, Yellow
2.3 Maintenance
Less
More
2.4 Durability
Durable
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
2.5 Appearance
Dull
Dull, Vesicular and Foilated
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
Curbing
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
for Road Aggregate, Roadstone
Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate
3.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork
Creating Artwork
4 Types
4.1 Types
Biotite hornfels
Welded tuff, Rhyolitic tuff, Basaltic tuff, Trachyte tuff, Andesitic tuff and Ignimbrite.
4.2 Features
Smooth to touch
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Used
Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
Easter Island in the Polynesian Triangle, Pacific Ocean
4.3.3 Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Data Not Available
4.3.5 Pictographs
Used
Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Used
Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Not Yet Used
Used
4.4 Fossils
Absent
Absent
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Hornfels is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.
Tuff is formed when large masses of ash and sand which are mixed with hot gases are ejected by a volcano and avalanche rapidly down its slopes.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Andalusite
Calcite, Chlorite
5.2.2 Compound Content
Fe, Mg
Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
5.3.3 Weathering
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
5.3.5 Erosion
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
2-34-6
Coal
1 7
6.1.2 Grain Size
Fine Grained
Fine Grained
6.1.3 Fracture
Conchoidal
Uneven
6.1.4 Streak
Unknown
White
6.1.5 Porosity
Highly Porous
Highly Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Shiny
Vitreous to Dull
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
5.80 N/mm2243.80 N/mm2
Obsidian
0.15 450
6.1.8 Cleavage
Perfect
Not Available
6.1.9 Toughness
Not Yet Found
Not Available
6.1.10 Specific Gravity
3.4-3.92.73
Granite
0 8.4
6.1.11 Transparency
Opaque
Opaque
6.1.12 Density
0.25-0.30 g/cm31-1.8 g/cm3
Granite
0 1400
6.2 Thermal Properties
6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
0.84 kJ/Kg K0.20 kJ/Kg K
Granulite
0.14 3.2
6.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
7 Reserves
7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
7.1.1 Asia
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, North Korea, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Thailand
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen
7.1.2 Africa
Cameroon, East Africa, Tanzania, Western Africa
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda
7.1.3 Europe
United Kingdom
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom
7.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Antarctica, Hawaii Islands
7.2 Deposits in Western Continents
7.2.1 North America
Canada, USA
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA
7.2.2 South America
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay
7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
7.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia

Hornfels vs Tuff Information

Earth’s outer layer is covered by rocks and these rocks have different physical and chemical properties. As two rocks are not same, it’s fun to compare them. You can also know more about Hornfels and Tuff Reserves. Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock. Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals. The process of formation of rocks is different for various rocks. Rocks are quarried from many years for various purposes. You can check out Hornfels vs Tuff information and Hornfels vs Tuff characteristics in the upcoming sections.

Hornfels vs Tuff Characteristics

Though some rocks look identical, they have certain characteristics which distinguish them from others. Characteristics of rocks include texture, appearance, color, fracture, streak, hardness etc. Hornfels vs Tuff characteristics assist us to distinguish and recognize rocks. Also you can check about Properties of Hornfels and Properties of Tuff. Learn more about Hornfels vs Tuff in the next section. The interior uses of Hornfels include Decorative aggregates, Flooring, Homes and Interior decoration whereas the interior uses of Tuff include Decorative aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes and Interior decoration. Due to some exceptional properties of Hornfels and Tuff, they have various applications in construction industry. The uses of Hornfels in construction industry include For road aggregate, Roadstone and that of Tuff include Building houses or walls, Construction aggregate.

More about Hornfels and Tuff

Here you can know more about Hornfels and Tuff. The life cycle of a rock consists of formation of rock, composition of rock and transformation of rock. The composition of Hornfels and Tuff consists of mineral content and compound content. The mineral content of Hornfels includes Andalusite and mineral content of Tuff includes Calcite, Chlorite. You can also check out the list of all Metamorphic Rocks. When we have to compare Hornfels vs Tuff, the texture, color and appearance plays an important role in determining the type of rock. Hornfels is available in brown, dark greenish - grey, green, reddish brown colors whereas, Tuff is available in brown, grey, yellow colors. Appearance of Hornfels is Dull and that of Tuff is Dull, Vesicular and Foilated. Properties of rock is another aspect for Hornfels vs Tuff. The hardness of Hornfels is 2-3 and that of Tuff is 4-6. The types of Hornfels are Biotite hornfels whereas types of Tuff are Welded tuff, Rhyolitic tuff, Basaltic tuff, Trachyte tuff, Andesitic tuff and Ignimbrite.. Streak of rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. The streak of Hornfels is unknown while that of Tuff is white. The specific heat capacity of Hornfels is 0.84 kJ/Kg K and that of Tuff is 0.20 kJ/Kg K. Depending on the properties like hardness, toughness, specific heat capacity, porosity etc., rocks are resistant to heat, wear, impact, etc.Hornfels is heat resistant, impact resistant, pressure resistant whereas Tuff is heat resistant, impact resistant, pressure resistant, wear resistant.