Hornfels

Turbidite

Hornfels and Turbidite

Hornfels

Turbidite

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Definition

Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock

A sedimentary rock, deposit of a submarine turbidity currents and are composed of layered particles

History

Origin

New Zealand

European Foreland Basins

Discoverer

Unknown

Arnold H. Bouma

Etymology

From German which means hornstone

From Medieval Latin turbiditas, from Latin turbidus (turbid). Turbidity current is from 1939

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Granular, Platy

Mud-rich, Sandy

Color

Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Reddish Brown

Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Pink

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull

Dull and Banded

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

for Road Aggregate, Roadstone

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Types

Biotite hornfels

Sedimentary rock

Features

Smooth to touch

High silica content, Host Rock for Lead

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Present

Formation

Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Hornfels is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.

Turbidite is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock as it flows. These particles then settle down and are subjected to high temperature and pressures hence forming Turbidite.

Composition

Mineral Content

Andalusite

Coesite, Quartz, Sand

Compound Content

Fe, Mg

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

2-33

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine Grained

Fine to Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Splintery

Streak

White, Greenish White or Grey

Porosity

Highly Porous

Very Less Porous

Luster

Shiny

Metallic

Compressive Strength

5.80 N/mm²200.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Perfect

Disjunctive

Toughness

2.4

Specific Gravity

3.4-3.92.46-2.73

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

0.25-0.30 g/cm³1.6-2.5 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.84 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Heat Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, North Korea, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Thailand

Africa

Cameroon, East Africa, Tanzania, Western Africa

Western Africa

Europe

United Kingdom

Austria, Belarus, Romania, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA

South America

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Brazil, Colombia

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia

New Zealand, Western Australia

All about Hornfels and Turbidite Properties

Know all about Hornfels and Turbidite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Hornfels belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Turbidite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Hornfels is Granular, Platy whereas that of Turbidite is Mud-rich, Sandy. Hornfels appears Dull and Turbidite appears Dull and Banded. The luster of Hornfels is shiny while that of Turbidite is metallic. Hornfels is available in brown, dark greenish - grey, green, reddish brown colors whereas Turbidite is available in black, brown, green, grey, pink colors. The commercial uses of Hornfels and Turbidite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork.