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Hornfels and Trondhjemite


Trondhjemite and Hornfels


Definition

Definition
Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock  
Trondhjemite is a leucocratic (light-colored) intrusive igneous rock. It is a variety of tonalite in which the plagioclase is mostly in the form of oligoclase. Trondhjemites are sometimes known as plagiogranites.  

History
  
  

Origin
New Zealand  
Tonale, Italy  

Discoverer
Unknown  
Unknown  

Etymology
From German which means hornstone  
From Trondheim, Norway  

Class
Metamorphic Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  
Durable Rock, Hard Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
Plutonic  

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Granular, Platy  
Phaneritic  

Color
Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Reddish Brown  
Black, Brown, Light to Dark Grey, White  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
No  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
No  
Yes  

Wind Resistant
No  
No  

Acid Resistant
No  
No  

Appearance
Dull  
Banded and Foilated  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration  
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings  

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
for Road Aggregate, Roadstone  
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments  
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork  
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork  

Types

Types
Biotite hornfels  
Intermediate intrusive rock  

Features
Smooth to touch  
Is one of the oldest rock, Typically speckled black and white.  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Absent  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Hornfels is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.  
When alkali feldspar is extracted from granite, it changes to granitoid and later, it becomes trondhjemite with quartz as major mineral.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Andalusite  
Albite, Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Manganese Oxides, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Titanite, Zircon  

Compound Content
Fe, Mg  
NaCl, CaO, MgO, Silicon Dioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
-  
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
2-3  
6-7  

Grain Size
Fine Grained  
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Conchoidal  

Streak
-  
Bluish Black  

Porosity
Highly Porous  
Very Less Porous  

Luster
Shiny  
Subvitreous to Dull  

Compressive Strength
5.80 N/mm2  
99+
130.00 N/mm2  
24

Cleavage
Perfect  
-  

Toughness
-  
2.1  

Specific Gravity
3.4-3.9  
2.86-3  

Transparency
Opaque  
Opaque  

Density
0.25-0.30 g/cm3  
2.73 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.84 kJ/Kg K  
15
0.92 kJ/Kg K  
10

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, North Korea, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Thailand  
-  

Africa
Cameroon, East Africa, Tanzania, Western Africa  
Egypt  

Europe
United Kingdom  
Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Sweden, Turkey  

Others
-  
-  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, USA  
USA  

South America
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador  
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia  
New Zealand, South Australia, Western Australia  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Hornfels and Trondhjemite Properties

Know all about Hornfels and Trondhjemite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Hornfels belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Trondhjemite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Hornfels is Granular, Platy whereas that of Trondhjemite is Phaneritic. Hornfels appears Dull and Trondhjemite appears Banded and Foilated. The luster of Hornfels is shiny while that of Trondhjemite is subvitreous to dull. Hornfels is available in brown, dark greenish - grey, green, reddish brown colors whereas Trondhjemite is available in black, brown, light to dark grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Hornfels and Trondhjemite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork.

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