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Hornfels and Comendite


Comendite and Hornfels


Definition

Definition
Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock  
Comendite is a hard, peralkaline igneous rock, a type of light blue grey rhyolite  

History
  
  

Origin
New Zealand  
Italy  

Discoverer
Unknown  
Unknown  

Etymology
From German which means hornstone  
Comendite derives its name from the area of Le Commende on San Pietro Island in Italy  

Class
Metamorphic Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  
Durable Rock, Hard Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
Volcanic  

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Granular, Platy  
Porphyritic  

Color
Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Reddish Brown  
Blue, Bluish - Grey  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
No  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
No  
Yes  

Wind Resistant
No  
Yes  

Acid Resistant
No  
Yes  

Appearance
Dull  
Foliated  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration  
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration  

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
for Road Aggregate, Roadstone  
Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments  
Artifacts  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork  
Cemetery Markers  

Types

Types
Biotite hornfels  
Rhyolite  

Features
Smooth to touch  
Very fine grained rock, It is One of the Oldest, Strongest and Hardest Rock  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Absent  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Hornfels is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.  
Comendite is a type of Igneous rock which is formed due to cooling and solidification of lava or magma. It may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Andalusite  
Albite, Amphibole, Quartz  

Compound Content
Fe, Mg  
Al, Fe, Potassium Oxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
-  
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  
Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
2-3  
6-7  

Grain Size
Fine Grained  
Medium Grained  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Pervasive  

Streak
-  
Bluish Black  

Porosity
Highly Porous  
Highly Porous  

Luster
Shiny  
Dull  

Compressive Strength
5.80 N/mm2  
99+
92.40 N/mm2  
31

Cleavage
Perfect  
-  

Toughness
-  
2  

Specific Gravity
3.4-3.9  
2.38  

Transparency
Opaque  
Opaque  

Density
0.25-0.30 g/cm3  
-9999 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.84 kJ/Kg K  
15
0.79 kJ/Kg K  
17

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, North Korea, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Thailand  
China  

Africa
Cameroon, East Africa, Tanzania, Western Africa  
East Africa  

Europe
United Kingdom  
Italy  

Others
-  
-  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, USA  
-  

South America
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador  
-  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia  
Queensland  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Hornfels and Comendite Properties

Know all about Hornfels and Comendite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Hornfels belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Comendite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Hornfels is Granular, Platy whereas that of Comendite is Porphyritic. Hornfels appears Dull and Comendite appears Foliated. The luster of Hornfels is shiny while that of Comendite is dull. Hornfels is available in brown, dark greenish - grey, green, reddish brown colors whereas Comendite is available in blue, bluish - grey colors. The commercial uses of Hornfels and Comendite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork.

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