Hornfels

Boninite

Hornfels and Boninite

Hornfels

Boninite

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Definition

Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock

Boninite is a mafic extrusive rock which is high in magnesium and silica content, formed in fore-arc environments, typically during the early stages of subduction

History

Origin

New Zealand

Japan

Discoverer

Unknown

Etymology

From German which means hornstone

From its occurrence in the Izu-Bonin arc south of Japan

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Granular, Platy

Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Color

Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Reddish Brown

Bluish - Grey, Brown, Green, Grey

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull

Dull and Soft

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Kitchens

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

for Road Aggregate, Roadstone

As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments

Artifacts

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

An Oil and Gas Reservoir, Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)

Types

Biotite hornfels

Basalt

Features

Smooth to touch

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, High Mg content, Is one of the oldest rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Hornfels is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.

Boninite is a type of Igneous rock which is formed through the cooling and solidification of lava or existing rocks.

Composition

Mineral Content

Andalusite

Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Garnet, Hornblade, Ilmenite

Compound Content

Fe, Mg

Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

2-37

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Uneven

Streak

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

Luster

Shiny

Vitreous

Compressive Strength

5.80 N/mm²150.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Perfect

Toughness

1.1

Specific Gravity

3.4-3.92.5-2.8

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

0.25-0.30 g/cm³-9999 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.84 kJ/Kg K0.84 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, North Korea, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Thailand

Africa

Cameroon, East Africa, Tanzania, Western Africa

South Africa

Europe

United Kingdom

England, Finland, United Kingdom

Others

Antarctica, Greenland

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA

USA

South America

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Colombia, Uruguay

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia

New Zealand, Western Australia

All about Hornfels and Boninite Properties

Know all about Hornfels and Boninite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Hornfels belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Boninite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Hornfels is Granular, Platy whereas that of Boninite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic. Hornfels appears Dull and Boninite appears Dull and Soft. The luster of Hornfels is shiny while that of Boninite is vitreous. Hornfels is available in brown, dark greenish - grey, green, reddish brown colors whereas Boninite is available in bluish - grey, brown, green, grey colors. The commercial uses of Hornfels are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork and that of Boninite are an oil and gas reservoir, cemetery markers, creating artwork, soil conditioner, source of magnesia (mgo).