1 Definition
1.1 Definition
A ganister is a hard, fine-grained quartzose sandstone or orthoquartzite which is basically used in the manufacture of silica brick typically used to line furnaces and is a type of sedimentary rocks.
Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock which is formed by the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
1.2.2 Discoverer
1.3 Etymology
From gan′is-ter i.e a hard, close-grained siliceous stone, often forming the stratum which underlies a coal-seam
From German Schalstein laminated limestone, and Schalgebirge layer of stone in stratified rock. From Old English scealu in its base sense of- thing that divides or separate,
1.4 Class
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Clastic, Granular, Rough
Clastic, Splintery
2.2 Color
Beige, Black, Brown, Colourless, Cream, Dark Brown, Green, Grey, Light Green, Light to Dark Grey, Pink, Red, White, Yellow
Black, Brown, Buff, Green, Grey, Red, Yellow
2.3 Maintenance
2.4 Durability
2.4.1 Water Resistant
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
1.1.1 Stain Resistant
1.1.2 Wind Resistant
1.2.2 Acid Resistant
1.3 Appearance
2 Uses
2.1 Architecture
2.1.1 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration
2.2.1 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Office Buildings
2.2.2 Other Architectural Uses
2.3 Industry
2.3.1 Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Production of Glass and Ceramics, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar
2.4.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
2.6 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
Artifacts, Sculpture
3.2 Other Uses
3.2.1 Commercial Uses
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, In aquifers, Petroleum reservoirs, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO), Tombstones
Creating Artwork, Pottery
4 Types
4.1 Types
Not Available
Red Shale, Black Shale, Green Shale, Grey Shale and Yellow Shale
4.3 Features
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Very fine grained rock
Easily splits into thin plates, Generally rough to touch, Very fine grained rock
4.4 Archaeological Significance
4.4.0 Monuments
4.5.1 Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
Jantar Mantar in India
4.5.3 Sculpture
4.5.5 Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Data Not Available
4.5.7 Pictographs
4.5.9 Petroglyphs
4.5.10 Figurines
4.6 Fossils
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Ganisters are formed by the destruction of easily weathered minerals mainly feldspar, within the surface horizon of soil by soil-forming processes.
Shale forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settle at the bottom of water bodies. They are later compacted hence forming shale.
6.2 Composition
6.2.1 Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz
Albite, Biotite, Calcite, Chert, Chlorite, Dolomite, Hematite, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Silica, Sulfides
6.2.3 Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide
Ca, Fe, Mg, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium
6.3 Transformation
6.3.1 Metamorphism
6.4.2 Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
6.4.4 Weathering
6.5.1 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
6.6.2 Erosion
7.1.1 Types of Erosion
Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion
8 Properties
8.1 Physical Properties
8.1.1 Hardness
10.1.2 Grain Size
Coarse or Fine
Very fine-grained
10.1.3 Fracture
10.1.4 Streak
10.1.5 Porosity
Highly Porous
Highly Porous
10.1.6 Luster
10.1.7 Compressive Strength
95.00 N/mm295.00 N/mm2
0.15
450
10.1.14 Cleavage
10.1.15 Toughness
10.1.16 Specific Gravity
10.1.20 Transparency
10.1.21 Density
2.2-2.8 g/cm32.4-2.8 g/cm3
0
1400
10.2 Thermal Properties
10.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K0.39 kJ/Kg K
0.14
3.2
10.3.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
11 Reserves
11.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
11.1.1 Asia
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan
Bangladesh, China, India, Russia
11.1.2 Africa
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa
Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania
11.1.3 Europe
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom
Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland
11.1.4 Others
11.2 Deposits in Western Continents
11.2.1 North America
11.2.2 South America
Brazil
Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
11.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
11.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia