Flint

Tuff

Flint and Tuff

Flint

Tuff

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Flint is a hard type of sedimentary rock that produces a small piece of burning material when hit by steel

Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Unknown

Italy

1.2.2 Discoverer

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From Old English flint - a type of rock mainly known for high hardness and for giving off sparks when struck

From a Latin word tophous then in Italian tufo and finally tuff

1.4 Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

Volcanic

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Banded, Rough

Clastic, Pyroclastic

2.2 Color

Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Red, White

Brown, Grey, Yellow

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

2.5.2 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

2.6 Appearance

Glassy or Pearly

Dull, Vesicular and Foilated

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

Arrowheads, Cutting Tool, Spear Points

Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork, Gemstone, In fire-starting tools, Manufacture of tools, Metallurgical Flux, Jewelry, To ignite fire, Used in flintlock firearms

Creating Artwork

4 Types

4.1 Types

Not Available

Welded tuff, Rhyolitic tuff, Basaltic tuff, Trachyte tuff, Andesitic tuff and Ignimbrite.

4.2 Features

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates, Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

Easter Island in the Polynesian Triangle, Pacific Ocean

4.3.3 Sculpture

Not Yet Used

Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

4.3.5 Pictographs

Not Used

Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Not Used

Used

4.3.8 Figurines

Not Yet Used

Used

4.4 Fossils

Present

Absent

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Flint is formed by the decomposition and compaction of various organisms such as sponges and diatoms under the water.

Tuff is formed when large masses of ash and sand which are mixed with hot gases are ejected by a volcano and avalanche rapidly down its slopes.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Silicon

Calcite, Chlorite

5.2.2 Compound Content

Silicon Dioxide

Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

5.3.4 Weathering

✔ ✘

5.3.6 Types of Weathering

Not Applicable

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

5.3.7 Erosion

✔ ✘

5.3.8 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

74-6

1 7

1.1.1 Grain Size

Very fine-grained

Fine Grained

1.2.2 Fracture

Conchoidal

Uneven

1.2.4 Streak

White

1.3.2 Porosity

Highly Porous

1.3.4 Luster

Vitreous

Vitreous to Dull

1.3.6 Compressive Strength

450.00 N/mm²243.80 N/mm²

0.15 450

1.3.13 Cleavage

Non-Existent

Not Available

1.3.15 Toughness

1.5

Not Available

1.3.17 Specific Gravity

2.5-2.82.73

0 8.4

1.3.18 Transparency

Translucent to Opaque

Opaque

1.3.19 Density

2.7-2.71 g/cm³1-1.8 g/cm³

0 1400

1.5 Thermal Properties

1.5.1 Specific Heat Capacity

0.74 kJ/Kg K0.20 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

2.3.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

3 Reserves

3.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

3.1.1 Asia

Azerbaijan, China, Russia

Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen

3.1.2 Africa

Not Yet Found

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda

3.1.3 Europe

Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom

France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom

3.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

Antarctica, Hawaii Islands

3.2 Deposits in Western Continents

3.2.1 North America

USA

Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA

3.2.2 South America

Bolivia

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay

3.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

3.3.1 Australia

New Zealand, South Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

All about Flint and Tuff Properties

Know all about Flint and Tuff properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Flint belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Tuff belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Flint is Banded, Rough whereas that of Tuff is Clastic, Pyroclastic. Flint appears Glassy or Pearly and Tuff appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated. The luster of Flint is vitreous while that of Tuff is vitreous to dull. Flint is available in black, brown, green, grey, red, white colors whereas Tuff is available in brown, grey, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Flint and Tuff are creating artwork, gemstone, in fire-starting tools, manufacture of tools, metallurgical flux, jewelry, to ignite fire, used in flintlock firearms.