Eclogite

Gneiss

Eclogite and Gneiss

Eclogite

Gneiss

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Definition

Eclogite is an extreme metamorphic rock, formed by regional metamorphism of basalt rock under very high pressure and temperature

Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks

History

Origin

Discoverer

René Just Haüy

Unknown

Etymology

From French, Greek eklogē selection with reference to the selective content of the rock + -ite1

From the Middle High German verb gneist (to spark; so called because the rock glitters)

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Earthy

Banded, Foliated, Platy

Color

Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Pink, White

Black, Brown, Pink, Red, White

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull, Banded and Foilated

Foliated

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone

Medical Industry

In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Medicines and Cosmetics

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork, Gemstone

Cemetery Markers, Jewelry, Tombstones, Used in aquariums

Types

Eclogite

Augen Gneiss, Henderson Gneiss, Lewisian Gneiss, Archean and Proterozoic Gneiss.

Features

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Konark Sun Temple in India, Washington Monument, US

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Eclogite forms from high-pressure metamorphism of mafic igneous rocks mainly, basalt or gabbro as it plunges into the mantle in a subduction zone.

Gneiss is a high grade metamorphic rock i.e. it has been subjected to higher temperatures and pressures than schist. It is formed by the metamorphosis of Gneiss forms from volcanic rock, shale or granitie.

Composition

Mineral Content

Amphibole, Coesite, Corundum, Dolomite, Garnet, Kyanite, Lawsonite, Paragonite, Phengite, Pyroxene, Quartz, Rutile, Zoisite

Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Quartz, Quartzite, Silica, Zircon

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Iron(III) Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Potassium, Sodium

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Impact Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Mechanical Weathering

Biological Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

3.5-47

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine Grained

Medium to Coarse Grained

Fracture

Irregular

Streak

White

Porosity

Less Porous

Very Less Porous

Luster

Subvitreous to Dull

Dull

Compressive Strength

200.00 N/mm²125.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Perfect

Toughness

1.2

Specific Gravity

2.86-2.872.5-2.7

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Translucent to Opaque

Density

3.2-3.6 g/cm³2.6-2.9 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.75 kJ/Kg K0.70 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

India, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Russia, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey

China, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia

Africa

Ethiopia, Morocco, South Africa

Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo

Europe

France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Scotland

Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Monaco, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Others

Greenland

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA

Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, USA

South America

Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

Central Australia, New Zealand, Queensland

New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria

All about Eclogite and Gneiss Properties

Know all about Eclogite and Gneiss properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Eclogite and Gneiss belong to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Eclogite is Earthy whereas that of Gneiss is Banded, Foliated, Platy. Eclogite appears Dull, Banded and Foilated and Gneiss appears Foliated. The luster of Eclogite is subvitreous to dull while that of Gneiss is dull. Eclogite is available in black, brown, green, grey, pink, white colors whereas Gneiss is available in black, brown, pink, red, white colors. The commercial uses of Eclogite are creating artwork, gemstone and that of Gneiss are cemetery markers, jewelry, tombstones, used in aquariums.