Coquina

Travertine

Coquina and Travertine

Coquina

Travertine

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Definition

Coquina is a sedimentary rock that is composed either wholly or almost entirely of the transported, abraded, and mechanically-sorted fragments of the shells of molluscs, trilobites, brachiopods, or other invertebrates

Travertine is a mineral consisting of layered calcium carbonate formed by deposition from spring waters

History

Origin

European Foreland Basins

Italy

Discoverer

Unknown

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio

Etymology

From Concha (Latin)+ Coquina(Spanish) +conch(English)= Couquina (mid 19th century)

From Italian travertino a kind of building stone, from Tiburs, adjective from Tibur (Tivoli), in Italy

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Clastic

Banded

Color

Beige, Buff, Orange

Beige, Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Red, White, Yellow

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Non-Durable

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny

Fibrous

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Hotels, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Jewellery, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry, Paper Industry, Pottery

Types

Sedimentary rock

Thermal Travertine and Tufa

Features

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Is one of the oldest rock

Stalactites and stalagmites are formed from this rock, Surfaces are often shiny, Very fine grained rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Colosseum in Rome, Italy, Sacré Coeur in Paris, France, Trevi Fountain in Rome, Italy

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Formation

Coquina is a sedimentary rock which is formed when billions of small clam-like seashell, called Coquina, or cockleshell are die and hence are deposited, buried and turns into a rock when pressure is applied.

Travertine is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock which then undergo sedimentation. They are then subjected to high temperature and pressure hence forming travertine rock.

Composition

Mineral Content

Apatite, Augite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Chlorite, Clay Minerals, Epidote, Feldspar, Garnet, Micas, Muscovite or Illite

Calcite, Clay, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz

Compound Content

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Iron(III) Oxide, MgO

Ca, NaCl, CaO, Oxygen

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

1-23-4

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Coarse Grained

Fine Grained

Fracture

Irregular

Splintery

Streak

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Luster

Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic

Dull to Pearly

Compressive Strength

-80.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

Specific Gravity

1.10-2.241.68

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

2.8-2.9 g/cm³2.71 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.84 kJ/Kg K1.09 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

China, Russia

Africa

Europe

United Kingdom

Austria, Italy, Portugal, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

USA

Canada, USA

South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

All about Coquina and Travertine Properties

Know all about Coquina and Travertine properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Coquina and Travertine belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Coquina is Clastic whereas that of Travertine is Banded. Coquina appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny and Travertine appears Fibrous. The luster of Coquina is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Travertine is dull to pearly. Coquina is available in beige, buff, orange colors whereas Travertine is available in beige, black, blue, brown, grey, red, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Coquina are creating artwork and that of Travertine are cemetery markers, creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry, paper industry, pottery.