1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock which forms from rounded gravel and boulder sized clasts which are cemented together in a matrix
Ignimbrite is a volcanic rock consisting mainly of pumice fragments, formed by the consolidation of material deposited by pyroclastic flows
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
1.2.2 Discoverer
1.3 Etymology
From Latin conglomeratus, to roll together, i.e. from com together + glomerare to gather into a ball, from glomus (genitive glomeris) a ball
From Latin ignis fire + imber, imbr- shower of rain, storm cloud + -ite
1.4 Class
Sedimentary Rocks
Igneous Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
2.2 Color
Beige, Black, Brown, Buff, Light to Dark Grey, Orange, Rust, White, Yellow
Beige, Black, Brown, Grey, Pink, White
2.3 Maintenance
2.4 Durability
3.1.2 Water Resistant
3.1.4 Scratch Resistant
3.1.6 Stain Resistant
3.1.7 Wind Resistant
3.1.9 Acid Resistant
3.3 Appearance
Shiny and Rounded
Dull, Vesicular and Foilated
4 Uses
4.1 Architecture
4.1.1 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration
4.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Roof Tiles
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
4.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
4.2 Industry
4.2.1 Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Roadstone
Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate
4.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
4.4 Other Uses
4.4.1 Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, In aquifers, Tombstones
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork
5 Types
5.1 Types
Not Available
Not Available
5.2 Features
Clasts are smooth to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Matrix variable
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust
5.3 Archaeological Significance
5.3.1 Monuments
5.3.2 Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
Data Not Available
5.3.3 Sculpture
5.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Data Not Available
5.3.5 Pictographs
5.3.6 Petroglyphs
5.3.7 Figurines
5.4 Fossils
6 Formation
6.1 Formation
Conglomerate forms where sediments consisting mainly of pebble and cobble-size clasts at least two millimeters in diameter starts accumulating.
Ignimbrites are formed from very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash or tuff and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments.
6.2 Composition
6.2.1 Mineral Content
Clay, Sand, Silica, Silt
Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz
6.2.2 Compound Content
6.3 Transformation
6.3.1 Metamorphism
6.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
6.3.3 Weathering
6.3.4 Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering
6.3.5 Erosion
6.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion
7 Properties
7.1 Physical Properties
7.1.1 Hardness
7.1.2 Grain Size
Coarse Grained
Fine Grained
7.1.3 Fracture
7.1.4 Streak
7.1.5 Porosity
Highly Porous
Highly Porous
7.1.6 Luster
7.1.7 Compressive Strength
7.1.8 Cleavage
Non-Existent
Not Available
7.1.9 Toughness
Not Available
Not Available
7.1.10 Specific Gravity
7.1.11 Transparency
7.1.12 Density
1.7-2.3 g/cm31-1.8 g/cm3
0
1400
7.2 Thermal Properties
7.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K0.20 kJ/Kg K
0.14
3.2
7.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
8 Reserves
8.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
8.1.1 Asia
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen
8.1.2 Africa
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
8.1.3 Europe
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom
8.1.4 Others
Greenland
Antarctica, Hawaii Islands
8.2 Deposits in Western Continents
8.2.1 North America
Canada, USA
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA
8.2.2 South America
Brazil
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador
8.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
8.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand
Central Australia, Western Australia