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Anthracite and Gabbro


Gabbro and Anthracite


Definition

Definition
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster   
Gabbro is an intrusive igneous rock which is chemically equivalent to plutonic Basalt   

History
  
  

Origin
Pennsylvania, U.S.   
Germany   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Christian Leopold von Buch   

Etymology
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal   
From Latin glaber bare, smooth, bald   

Class
Metamorphic Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Plutonic   

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy   
Phaneritic   

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey   
Dark Grey to Black   

Maintenance
Less   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
No   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
No   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
Yes   

Wind Resistant
No   
Yes   

Acid Resistant
No   
Yes   

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled   
Veined and Shiny   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Not Yet Used   
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used   
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone   

Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production   
As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate   

Medical Industry
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Not Yet Used   
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry   
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Laboratory bench tops, Jewelry, Sea Defence, Tombstones   

Types

Types
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite   
Not Available   

Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel   
Smooth to touch   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Data Not Available   

Sculpture
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Used   
Not Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Not Used   

Figurines
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Fossils
Absent   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.   
Gabbro, a mafic rock, forms due to cooling and crystallization of magma underneath Earth's surface.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals   
Augite, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene   

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur   
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Chromium(III) Oxide, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Sulfur Trioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   
Impact Metamorphism   

Weathering
No   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Not Applicable   
Chemical Weathering   

Erosion
No   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Not Applicable   
Coastal Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1-1.5   
7   

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained   
Coarse Grained   

Fracture
Conchoidal   
Conchoidal   

Streak
Black   
Black   

Porosity
Less Porous   
Highly Porous   

Luster
Shiny   
Not Available   

Compressive Strength
Not Available   
225.00 N/mm2   
7

Cleavage
Non-Existent   
Not Available   

Toughness
Not Available   
1.6   

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4   
2.86-2.87   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
1.25-2.5 g/cm3   
2.7-3.3 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K   
4
Not Available   

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant   
Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam   
India, Russia   

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania   
South Africa   

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom   
Germany, Greece, Italy, Scotland, Turkey   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Greenland   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA   
Canada, USA   

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela   
Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria   
New Zealand, Queensland   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Anthracite and Gabbro Properties

Know all about Anthracite and Gabbro properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Gabbro belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Gabbro is Phaneritic. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Gabbro appears Veined and Shiny. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Gabbro is not available. Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Gabbro is available in dark grey to black colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Gabbro are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, laboratory bench tops, jewelry, sea defence, tombstones.

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