Anorthosite

Pegmatite

Anorthosite and Pegmatite

Anorthosite

Pegmatite

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Definition

Anorthosite is a granular igneous rock composed largely of labradorite or plagioclase

Pegmatite rock is a holocrystalline, intrusive igneous rock which is composed of interlocking phaneritic crystals

History

Origin

Discoverer

Unknown

R. J. Hauy

Etymology

From French anorthose plagioclase + -ite1

From Greek pegma, pegmat which means- thing joined together + -ite

Class

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Plutonic

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Foliated, Glassy

Pegmatitic

Color

Black, Bluish - Grey, Brown, Green, Grey, Light Greenish Grey, Pink, White

Black, Brown, Cream, Green, Grey, Pink, Red, Rust, Silver, White, Yellow

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork, Curling

Creating Artwork, Jewelry, Source of corundum, tourmalines, beryls and topaz

Types

Proterozoic Anorthosite and Archean Anorthosite

Granite Pegmatite, Gabbro Pegmatite and Diorite Pegmatite

Features

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Source of corundum, tourmalines, beryls and topaz

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Anorthosite is a phaneritic, intrusive igneous rock which is characterized by a predominance of plagioclase feldspar which is almost 90–100%, and a minimal mafic component.

Pegmatite rock is holocrystalline, intrusive igneous rock which is formed by partial melting and dewatering during the process of metamorphism.

Composition

Mineral Content

Amphibole, Clinopyroxene, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Orthopyroxene

Apatite, Beryl, Feldspar, Fluorite, Garnet, Lepidolite, Quartz, Silica, Spodumene, Topaz

Compound Content

Ca, CaO, Chromium(III) Oxide, MgO, Sulfur Trioxide

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, Phosphorus Pentoxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

5-67

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Coarse Grained

Medium to Coarse Grained

Fracture

Irregular

Conchoidal

Streak

White

Porosity

Less Porous

Luster

Pearly to Subvitreous

Grainy, Pearly and Vitreous

Compressive Strength

180.00 N/mm²178.54 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Perfect

Toughness

2.1

Specific Gravity

2.62-2.822.6-2.63

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Translucent

Translucent to Opaque

Density

2.7-4 g/cm³2.6-2.65 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.84 kJ/Kg K0.79 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

China, India, Iran, Japan, Nepal, North Korea, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea

Africa

South Africa

Europe

Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, The Czech Republic

Austria, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada

South America

Bolivia, Colombia

Brazil

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

Central Australia, South Australia, Western Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

All about Anorthosite and Pegmatite Properties

Know all about Anorthosite and Pegmatite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anorthosite and Pegmatite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Anorthosite is Foliated, Glassy whereas that of Pegmatite is Pegmatitic. Anorthosite appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny and Pegmatite appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. The luster of Anorthosite is pearly to subvitreous while that of Pegmatite is grainy, pearly and vitreous. Anorthosite is available in black, bluish - grey, brown, green, grey, light greenish grey, pink, white colors whereas Pegmatite is available in black, brown, cream, green, grey, pink, red, rust, silver, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Anorthosite are creating artwork, curling and that of Pegmatite are creating artwork, jewelry, source of corundum, tourmalines, beryls and topaz.