Adakite

Anthracite

Adakite and Anthracite

Adakite

Anthracite

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Definition

Adakite is an intermediate to felsic volcanic rock that has geochemical characteristics of magma which is said to be formed by partial melting of altered basalt that is subducted below volcanic arcs

Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster

History

Origin

Adak, Aleutian Islands

Pennsylvania, U.S.

Discoverer

Defant and Drummond

Unknown

Etymology

From Adak, Aleutian Islands

From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal

Class

Igneous Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Porphyritic

Amorphous, Glassy

Color

Black, Brown, Light to Dark Grey

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull and Soft

Veined or Pebbled

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Hotels, Kitchens

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Whetstones

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cobblestones, Rail Track Ballast, Roadstone

Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production

Medical Industry

In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins

Antiquity Uses

Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Commemorative Tablets, Pottery, Used in aquariums

Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry

Types

Intermediate volcanic rock

Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite

Features

Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate, Host rock for Diamond, Very fine grained rock

Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Adakite rocks are formed when the hydrous fluids are released from minerals that break down in metamorphosed basalt, and rise into the mantle they initiate partial melting.

Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.

Composition

Mineral Content

Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

3-41-1.5

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine to Medium Grained

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

Bluish Black

Black

Porosity

Less Porous

Luster

Grainy, Pearly and Vitreous

Shiny

Compressive Strength

200.00 N/mm²-

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

Specific Gravity

-99991.1-1.4

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

-9999 g/cm³1.25-2.5 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.84 kJ/Kg K1.32 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Water Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

India, Russia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

Africa

Ethiopia, Somalia, South Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Europe

Iceland

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA

Canada, Mexico, USA

South America

Brazil

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

All about Adakite and Anthracite Properties

Know all about Adakite and Anthracite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Adakite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Adakite is Porphyritic whereas that of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy. Adakite appears Dull and Soft and Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Adakite is grainy, pearly and vitreous while that of Anthracite is shiny. Adakite is available in black, brown, light to dark grey colors whereas Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Adakite are commemorative tablets, pottery, used in aquariums and that of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry.