1 Definition
1.1 definisi
sandstone wis ditetepake minangka rock kang dumadi saka pari-parian wedhi-ukuran saka macem-macem mineral biasane ukuran seragam lan asring Gamelan lan dibunderaké
tuff jinis rock digawe saka awu vulkanik luwar saka ngeculake sajrone eruption vulkanik
1.2 Sajarah
1.2.1 asal
1.2.2 panemu
1.3 Etimologi
saka komposisi, wedhi lan watu
saka tembung latin tophous banjur ing tufo italian lan pungkasanipun tuff
1.4 kelas
rocks sedimentary
batuan beku
1.4.1 sub-kelas
awet rock, hard rock
awet rock, medium atose rock
1.5 kulawarga
1.5.1 group
1.6 kategori liyane
rock grained coarse, rock grained nggoleki, rock opaque
rock grained nggoleki, rock opaque
2 Tekstur
2.1 tektur
clastic, granular, atos
clastic, pyroclastic
2.2 werna
ibas, ireng, coklat, wernane, krim, coklat peteng, ijo, grey, ijo enom, cahya kanggo werna abu-abu peteng, pink, abang, putih, kuning
coklat, grey, kuning
2.3 pangopènan
2.4 kekiatan
2.4.1 banyu tahan
2.4.2 ngeruk tahan
2.4.3 rereged tahan
2.4.4 angin tahan
2.4.5 asam tahan
2.5 katon
atos
kurang, vesicular lan foilated
3 Kagunaane
3.1 arsitektur
3.1.1 Efesus interior
countertops, aggregates hiasan, interior
aggregates hiasan, entryways, jogan, homes, interior
3.1.2 Efesus njaba
minangka watu bangunan, minangka madhep watu, bangunan kantor
minangka watu bangunan, minangka madhep watu, Taman hiasan, bangunan kantor, mapeng watu
3.1.3 Efesus arsitektur liyane
3.2 industri
3.2.1 industri construction
Pabrik semen, kanthi jumlah ongko construction, kanggo dalan kanthi jumlah ongko, produksi kaca lan keramik, mentahan materi kanggo Pabrik mortir
omah bangunan utawa tembok, kanthi jumlah ongko construction
3.2.2 industri medical
durung digunakake
durung digunakake
3.3 Efesus jaman
artefak, monumen, reca
artefak, monumen, reca, figurines cilik
3.4 Panggunaan sanès
3.4.1 komersial
reservoir lenga lan gas, ing lumahing, waduk Petroleum, kondisioner lemah, sumber magnesia (MgO), nisan, digunakake ing akuarium
nggawe kriya
4 Jinis
4.1 jinis
sandstones werna abu-abu, sandstones crystallized, sandstones hard, karbonat cemented sandstones lan ganister
gandheng tuff, tuff rhyolitic, basaltic tuff, trachyte tuff, tuff andesitic lan ignimbrite.
4.2 fitur
kasedhiya ing persil saka werna lan patron, umume atos kanggo tutul, rock grained banget nggoleki
tansah ditemokake minangka pipo vulkanik liwat lemah ndhuwur Continental jero
4.3 pinunjul arkeologi
4.3.1 monumen
4.3.2 monumen misuwur
Abu Simbel ing Mesir, Agia sophia ing istanbul, Turkey, wat angkor ing cambodia, buland darwaza ing Agra, india, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus ing Maharashtra, India, Dom in berlin, sphinx gedhe ing Giza, Mesir, Hawa Mahal ana ing Jaipur, India, kuburan Humayun ing delhi, india, india gapura ing delhi, india, JAMA masjid ing delhi, india, kuil ing Khajuraho, india, Leh palace in Leh, india, Candhi lotus ing new delhi, india, Candhi luxor ing Mesir, Machu Picchu ing peru, Neuschwansteinkép Bavaria, petra ing jordan, Qutub Minar ana ing India, abang bèntèng ing delhi, india, Sanchi Stupa ana ing India
pulo Paskah ing segitiga Polinesia, pacific segara
4.3.3 reca
4.3.4 patung misuwur
ajanta gua maharashtra, india, elephanta gua maharashtra, india, Gunung Rushmore memorial nasional ing dakota kidul, kita
data ora kasedhiya
4.3.5 Pictographs
4.3.6 petroglyphs
4.3.7 figurines
4.4 fosil
5 Tatanan
5.1 tatanan
sandstone punika rock sedimentary kang formulir saka clasts wedhi-ukuran cemented. iku formulir nalika lapisan wedhi sing disarèkaké ing endapan saka wedhi.
tuff wis kawangun nalika massa gedhe saka awu lan wedhi kang lagi pipis karo gas panas sing luwar dening gunung mbledhos lan longsor kanthi cepet mudhun lereng sawijining.
5.2 komposisi
5.2.1 isi Mineral
kalsit, lempung, mineral lempung, Feldspar, micas, quartz
kalsit, chlorite
5.2.2 senyawa isi
aluminium oxide, cao, wesi (iii) oxide, kalium oxide, MgO, sodium oxide, silikon dioksida
hidrogen sulfida, belerang dioxide
5.3 transformasi
5.3.1 metamorphism
5.3.2 jinis metamorphism
ora ditrapake
metamorphism kakubur, metamorphism cataclastic, kontak metamorphism, hidrotermal metamorphism, impact metamorphism, metamorphism regional
5.3.3 cuaca
5.3.4 jinis udan
udan biologi, udan kimia, udan mechanical
udan biologi, udan kimia, udan mechanical
5.3.5 erosi
5.3.6 jinis erosi
erosi kimia, erosi gisik, erosi Glacier, erosi segara, banyu erosi, angin erosi
erosi kimia, erosi gisik, erosi Glacier, erosi segara, banyu erosi, angin erosi
6 Properties
6.1 fisik
6.1.1 atose
6.1.2 ukuran gandum
coarse utawa nggoleki
grained nggoleki
6.1.3 rengat
6.1.4 tilas
6.1.5 porosity
Highly keropos
Highly keropos
6.1.6 luster
kurang
vitreous kanggo kurang
6.1.7 kekuatan compressive
95.00 n / mm 2243.80 n / mm 2
0.15
450
6.1.8 cleavage
6.1.9 kateguhan
6.1.10 tartamtu gravitasi
6.1.11 transparan
6.1.12 Kapadhetan
2.2-2.8 g / cm 31-1.8 g / cm 3
0
1400
6.2 situs termal
6.2.1 kapasitas panas tartamtu
0.92 kj / kg k0.20 kj / kg k
0.14
3.2
6.2.2 resistance
tahan panas, impact tahan, meksa tahan
tahan panas, impact tahan, meksa tahan, nyandhang tahan
7 Cadangan
7.1 celengan ing bawana wétan
7.1.1 asia
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Thailand, Uzbekistan
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen
7.1.2 africa
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda
7.1.3 europe
austria, denmark, germany, great Britain, Aku tresna sampeyan;, norway, Poland, sweden, Swiss, united kingdom
france, georgia, germany, greece, iceland, italy, Aku tresna sampeyan;, Poland, portugal, spain, united kingdom
7.1.4 wong
Greenland
Antartika, pulo hawaii
7.2 celengan ing bawana kulon
7.2.1 lor amerika
Canada, USA
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA
7.2.2 kidul amerika
Brazil
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay
7.3 celengan ing Oseania bawana
7.3.1 australia
New South Wales, New Zealand
Central Australia, Western Australia