1 Definition
1.1 definisi
tuff jinis rock digawe saka awu vulkanik luwar saka ngeculake sajrone eruption vulkanik
Anthracite jinis rock sedimentary kang hard lan macem-macem batu bara sing wis luster dhuwur
1.2 Sajarah
1.2.1 asal
1.2.2 panemu
1.3 Etimologi
saka tembung latin tophous banjur ing tufo italian lan pungkasanipun tuff
saka anthrakites greek, saka anthrax, anthrak meaning coal
1.4 kelas
batuan beku
rocks metamorphic
1.4.1 sub-kelas
awet rock, medium atose rock
awet rock, rock alus
1.5 kulawarga
1.5.1 group
1.6 kategori liyane
rock grained nggoleki, rock opaque
rock grained coarse, rock grained nggoleki, medium rock grained, rock opaque
2 Tekstur
2.1 tektur
clastic, pyroclastic
amorf, glassy
2.2 werna
coklat, grey, kuning
ireng, coklat, coklat peteng, grey, cahya kanggo werna abu-abu peteng
2.3 pangopènan
2.4 kekiatan
2.4.1 banyu tahan
2.4.2 ngeruk tahan
2.4.3 rereged tahan
2.4.4 angin tahan
2.4.5 asam tahan
2.5 katon
kurang, vesicular lan foilated
veined utawa pebbled
3 Kagunaane
3.1 arsitektur
3.1.1 Efesus interior
aggregates hiasan, entryways, jogan, homes, interior
durung digunakake
3.1.2 Efesus njaba
minangka watu bangunan, minangka madhep watu, Taman hiasan, bangunan kantor, mapeng watu
durung digunakake
3.1.3 Efesus arsitektur liyane
curbing
durung digunakake
3.2 industri
3.2.1 industri construction
omah bangunan utawa tembok, kanthi jumlah ongko construction
Pabrik semen, kanggo dalan kanthi jumlah ongko, nggawe semen alam, produksi baja
3.2.2 industri medical
durung digunakake
ing kimia lan pharmaceutical industri, Pabrik aspirins
3.3 Efesus jaman
artefak, monumen, reca, figurines cilik
durung digunakake
3.4 Panggunaan sanès
3.4.1 komersial
nggawe kriya
panyulingan alumina, generasi listrik, bahan bakar cair, Pabrik sabun, cairan pelarut, alami, plastik lan serat, industri kertas
4 Jinis
4.1 jinis
gandheng tuff, tuff rhyolitic, basaltic tuff, trachyte tuff, tuff andesitic lan ignimbrite.
semi-Anthracite lan meta-Anthracite
4.2 fitur
tansah ditemokake minangka pipo vulkanik liwat lemah ndhuwur Continental jero
mbantu ing produksi panas lan listrik, digunakake minangka bahan bakar fosil
4.3 pinunjul arkeologi
4.3.1 monumen
4.3.2 monumen misuwur
pulo Paskah ing segitiga Polinesia, pacific segara
ora ditrapake
4.3.3 reca
4.3.4 patung misuwur
data ora kasedhiya
ora ditrapake
4.3.5 Pictographs
4.3.6 petroglyphs
4.3.7 figurines
4.4 fosil
5 Tatanan
5.1 tatanan
tuff wis kawangun nalika massa gedhe saka awu lan wedhi kang lagi pipis karo gas panas sing luwar dening gunung mbledhos lan longsor kanthi cepet mudhun lereng sawijining.
Wangun Anthracite saka klempakan saka lebu tetanduran ing lingkungan rawa. nalika lebu tetanduran mati lan tumiba menyang rawa, banyu ngadeg rawa ngreksa saka bosok.
5.2 komposisi
5.2.1 isi Mineral
kalsit, chlorite
kalsit, lempung, mineral lempung
5.2.2 senyawa isi
hidrogen sulfida, belerang dioxide
karbon, hidrogen, nitrogen, oksigen, belerang
5.3 transformasi
5.3.1 metamorphism
5.3.2 jinis metamorphism
metamorphism kakubur, metamorphism cataclastic, kontak metamorphism, hidrotermal metamorphism, impact metamorphism, metamorphism regional
metamorphism kakubur, kontak metamorphism, metamorphism regional
5.3.3 cuaca
5.3.4 jinis udan
udan biologi, udan kimia, udan mechanical
ora ditrapake
5.3.5 erosi
5.3.6 jinis erosi
erosi kimia, erosi gisik, erosi Glacier, erosi segara, banyu erosi, angin erosi
ora ditrapake
6 Properties
6.1 fisik
6.1.1 atose
6.1.2 ukuran gandum
grained nggoleki
medium kanggo nggoleki coarse grained
6.1.3 rengat
6.1.4 tilas
6.1.5 porosity
Highly keropos
kurang keropos
6.1.6 luster
vitreous kanggo kurang
mengilap
6.1.7 kekuatan compressive
243.80 n / mm 2ora Sumadhiya
0.15
450
6.1.8 cleavage
6.1.9 kateguhan
ora kasedhiya
ora kasedhiya
6.1.10 tartamtu gravitasi
6.1.11 transparan
6.1.12 Kapadhetan
1-1.8 g / cm 31.25-2.5 g / cm 3
0
1400
6.2 situs termal
6.2.1 kapasitas panas tartamtu
0.20 kj / kg k1.32 kj / kg k
0.14
3.2
6.2.2 resistance
tahan panas, impact tahan, meksa tahan, nyandhang tahan
tahan panas, banyu tahan
7 Cadangan
7.1 celengan ing bawana wétan
7.1.1 asia
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
7.1.2 africa
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
7.1.3 europe
france, georgia, germany, greece, iceland, italy, Aku tresna sampeyan;, Poland, portugal, spain, united kingdom
belgium, bulgaria, england, france, germany, greece, hungary, Kosovo, Aku tresna sampeyan;, norway, Poland, romania, Serbia, Slovakia, slovenia, Republik czech, Ukraine, united kingdom
7.1.4 wong
Antartika, pulo hawaii
durung ketemu
7.2 celengan ing bawana kulon
7.2.1 lor amerika
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA
Canada, Mexico, USA
7.2.2 kidul amerika
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
7.3 celengan ing Oseania bawana
7.3.1 australia
Central Australia, Western Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria