tatanan
tatanan appinite njupuk Panggonan jero ngisor permukaan bumi ing watara 150 kanggo 450 kilometer, lan sing njeblug kanthi cepet lan kejem.
  
tephrite punika, hard rock nggoleki-grained kang jinis metasomatite, ateges ngrubah basalt. iku formulir karo utawa tanpa crystallization, salah siji ngisor permukaan minangka rocks intrusive utawa ing lumahing minangka rocks extrusive.
  
komposisi
  
  
isi Mineral
amphibole, karbonat, garnet, micas, olivine, phlogopite, pyroxene
  
Feldspar alkali, nepheline, plagioclase, pyroxene
  
senyawa isi
aluminium oxide, NaCl, cao, wesi (iii) oxide, feo, kalium oxide, MgO, keda, sodium oxide, silikon dioksida, titanium dioxide
  
cao, karbon dioksida, MgO, silikon dioksida
  
transformasi
  
  
metamorphism
Yes
  
Yes
  
jinis metamorphism
metamorphism kakubur, metamorphism cataclastic, kontak metamorphism, hidrotermal metamorphism, metamorphism regional
  
metamorphism cataclastic, kontak metamorphism, impact metamorphism, metamorphism regional
  
cuaca
Yes
  
Yes
  
jinis udan
udan kimia, udan mechanical
  
udan biologi, udan kimia, udan mechanical
  
erosi
Yes
  
Yes
  
jinis erosi
erosi kimia, banyu erosi, angin erosi
  
erosi kimia, erosi gisik, erosi Glacier, erosi segara, banyu erosi