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Definition

Definition
Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock which is formed by the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles

History

Origin
-

Discoverer
Johann Gottlob Lehmann

Etymology
From German Schalstein laminated limestone, and Schalgebirge layer of stone in stratified rock. From Old English scealu in its base sense of- thing that divides or separate,

Class
Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group
-

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Texture
Clastic, Splintery

Color
Black, Brown, Buff, Green, Grey, Red, Yellow

Maintenance
More

Durability
Durable

Water Resistant
No

Scratch Resistant
No

Stain Resistant
No

Wind Resistant
No

Acid Resistant
No

Appearance
Muddy

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Medical Industry
-

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Sculpture

Other Uses

Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Pottery

Types

Types
Red Shale, Black Shale, Green Shale, Grey Shale and Yellow Shale

Features
Easily splits into thin plates, Generally rough to touch, Very fine grained rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments
-

Famous Monuments
Jantar Mantar in India

Sculpture
-

Famous Sculptures
-

Pictographs
-

Petroglyphs
-

Figurines
-

Fossils
Present

Formation

Formation
Shale forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settle at the bottom of water bodies. They are later compacted hence forming shale.

Composition

Mineral Content
Albite, Biotite, Calcite, Chert, Chlorite, Dolomite, Hematite, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Silica, Sulfides

Compound Content
Ca, Fe, Mg, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium

Transformation

Metamorphism
No

Types of Metamorphism
-

Weathering
Yes

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion
Yes

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness
3

Grain Size
Very fine-grained

Fracture
-

Streak
White

Porosity
Highly Porous

Luster
Dull

Compressive Strength
95.00 N/mm2 30

Cleavage
Slaty

Toughness
2.6

Specific Gravity
2.2-2.8

Transparency
Opaque

Density
2.4-2.8 g/cm3

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity
0.39 kJ/Kg K 30

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia
Bangladesh, China, India, Russia

Africa
Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania

Europe
Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland

Others
-

Deposits in Western Continents

North America
USA

South America
Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia

Summary >>
<< Reserves

Sedimentary Rocks

Learn more about Properties of Shale

What is Shale? In this section, we will learn more about properties of Shale i.e. physical and thermal properties. Physical properties of Shale include Color, Streak, Hardness, Structure, Cleavage, Fracture, Luster, Specific Gravity etc. The strength of Shale is 95.00 N/mm2. Streak of Shale is white while its cleavage is slaty. Luster of Shale is dull and its fracture is . Shale is opaque in nature. Know all about Shale, What is Shale, its composition, features, facts and reserves in next sections.

Know about Composition of Shale

What is Shale composed of? Get to know about composition of Shale here. Shale definition gives information about the Formation of Shale and its composition.The composition of Shale can be further divided into mineral and compound content. The mineral content of Shale rock includes Albite, Biotite, Calcite, Chert, Chlorite, Dolomite, Hematite, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Silica, Sulfides and The compound content of Shale rock includes Ca, Fe, Mg, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium. Almost all rocks undergo transformation process. Know all about Shale rock in next section.

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