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What is Greywacke?



Definition

Definition
Greywacke is defined as a dark coarse-grained sandstone rock which contains more than 15 per cent clay

History

Origin
-

Discoverer
Unknown

Etymology
From German Grauwacke, from grau grey + wacke

Class
Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group
-

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Texture
Clastic

Color
Beige, Black, Brown, Cream, Dark Brown, Green, Grey, Light Green, Light to Dark Grey, Pink, Red, White, Yellow

Maintenance
Less

Durability
Durable

Water Resistant
Yes

Scratch Resistant
Yes

Stain Resistant
Yes

Wind Resistant
Yes

Acid Resistant
No

Appearance
Dull

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing, Whetstones

Industry

Construction Industry
Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Medical Industry
-

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses
As armour rock for sea walls, Petroleum reservoirs, Sea Defence, Tombstones

Types

Types
Greywacke

Features
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Non-vesicular, Veined

Archaeological Significance

Monuments
-

Famous Monuments
-

Sculpture
-

Famous Sculptures
-

Pictographs
-

Petroglyphs
-

Figurines
-

Fossils
Present

Formation

Formation
Graywacke rock is a type of sedimentary rock, which is also known as immature sandstone, which is indurated, dark grey and consisting of poorly sorted angular to sub-angular, sand-sized grains.

Composition

Mineral Content
Augite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz

Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Chromium(III) Oxide, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism
No

Types of Metamorphism
-

Weathering
Yes

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Erosion
Yes

Types of Erosion
Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness
6-7

Grain Size
Angular and Fine

Fracture
Conchoidal

Streak
White

Porosity
Highly Porous

Luster
Dull

Compressive Strength
120.00 N/mm2 26

Cleavage
Perfect

Toughness
2.6

Specific Gravity
2.2-2.8

Transparency
Opaque

Density
2.6-2.61 g/cm3

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity
0.71 kJ/Kg K 23

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan

Africa
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa

Europe
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Others
Greenland

Deposits in Western Continents

North America
Canada, USA

South America
Brazil

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand

Summary >>
<< Reserves

Sedimentary Rocks

Learn more about Properties of Greywacke

What is Greywacke? In this section, we will learn more about properties of Greywacke i.e. physical and thermal properties. Physical properties of Greywacke include Color, Streak, Hardness, Structure, Cleavage, Fracture, Luster, Specific Gravity etc. The strength of Greywacke is 120.00 N/mm2. Streak of Greywacke is white while its cleavage is perfect. Luster of Greywacke is dull and its fracture is conchoidal. Greywacke is opaque in nature. Know all about Greywacke, What is Greywacke, its composition, features, facts and reserves in next sections.

Know about Composition of Greywacke

What is Greywacke composed of? Get to know about composition of Greywacke here. Greywacke definition gives information about the Formation of Greywacke and its composition.The composition of Greywacke can be further divided into mineral and compound content. The mineral content of Greywacke rock includes Augite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz and The compound content of Greywacke rock includes Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Chromium(III) Oxide, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide. Almost all rocks undergo transformation process. Know all about Greywacke rock in next section.

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