Turbidite and Lignite
Definition
Definition
A sedimentary rock, deposit of a submarine turbidity currents and are composed of layered particles
Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat
History
Origin
European Foreland Basins
France
Discoverer
Arnold H. Bouma
Unknown
Etymology
From Medieval Latin turbiditas, from Latin turbidus (turbid). Turbidity current is from 1939
From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1
Class
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Family
Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Texture
Texture
Mud-rich, Sandy
Amorphous, Glassy
Color
Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, Pink
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
Maintenance
Less
Less
Durability
Durable
Durable
Water Resistant
Yes
No
Scratch Resistant
Yes
No
Stain Resistant
No
No
Wind Resistant
Yes
No
Acid Resistant
No
No
Appearance
Dull and Banded
Veined or Pebbled
Uses
Architecture
Interior Uses
Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
Not Yet Used
Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration
Not Yet Used
Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
Not Yet Used
Industry
Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement
for Road Aggregate, Steel Production
Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Other Uses
Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork
Electricity Generation
Types
Types
Not Available
Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite
Features
High silica content, Host Rock for Lead
Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
Archaeological Significance
Monuments
Used
Not Yet Used
Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
Not Applicable
Sculpture
Used
Not Yet Used
Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Not Applicable
Pictographs
Used
Used
Petroglyphs
Used
Used
Figurines
Used
Not Yet Used
Fossils
Present
Present
Formation
Formation
Turbidite is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock as it flows. These particles then settle down and are subjected to high temperature and pressures hence forming Turbidite.
Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.
Composition
Mineral Content
Coesite, Quartz, Sand
Not Available
Compound Content
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
Transformation
Metamorphism
No
No
Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Weathering
Yes
Yes
Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Erosion
Yes
Yes
Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
Properties
Physical Properties
Hardness
3
1
Grain Size
Fine to Coarse Grained
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Fracture
Splintery
Conchoidal
Streak
White, Greenish White or Grey
Black
Porosity
Very Less Porous
Highly Porous
Luster
Metallic
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic
Compressive Strength
200.00 N/mm2
10
Not Available
Cleavage
Disjunctive
Non-Existent
Toughness
2.4
Not Available
Specific Gravity
2.46-2.73
1.1-1.4
Transparency
Opaque
Opaque
Density
1.6-2.5 g/cm3
800-801 g/cm3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K
10
1.26 kJ/Kg K
5
Resistance
Heat Resistant
Heat Resistant
Reserves
Deposits in Eastern Continents
Asia
Not Yet Found
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
Africa
Western Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
Europe
Austria, Belarus, Romania, Switzerland, United Kingdom
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Others
Not Yet Found
Not Yet Found
Deposits in Western Continents
North America
Canada, USA
Canada, Mexico, USA
South America
Brazil, Colombia
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
Deposits in Oceania Continent
Australia
New Zealand, Western Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
All about Turbidite and Lignite Properties
Know all about Turbidite and Lignite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Turbidite and Lignite belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Turbidite is Mud-rich, Sandy whereas that of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy. Turbidite appears Dull and Banded and Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Turbidite is metallic while that of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic. Turbidite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, pink colors whereas Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Turbidite are cemetery markers, creating artwork and that of Lignite are electricity generation.
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