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Tuff and Trachyte


Trachyte and Tuff


Definition

Definition
Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption   
Trachyte is a grey fine-grained volcanic rock which mainly consists of alkali feldspar   

History
  
  

Origin
Italy   
Unknown   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Alexandre Brongniart and René Just Haüy   

Etymology
From a Latin word tophous then in Italian tufo and finally tuff   
From Greek trakhus rough’ or trakhutēs roughness   

Class
Igneous Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock   
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Volcanic   
Volcanic   

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Clastic, Pyroclastic   
Aphanitic to Porphyritic   

Color
Brown, Grey, Yellow   
Black, Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Grey, Light to Dark Grey, White   

Maintenance
More   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
Yes   

Wind Resistant
No   
Yes   

Acid Resistant
No   
No   

Appearance
Dull, Vesicular and Foilated   
Banded   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration   
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone   
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings   

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate   
As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines   
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork   
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork   

Types

Types
Welded tuff, Rhyolitic tuff, Basaltic tuff, Trachyte tuff, Andesitic tuff and Ignimbrite.   
Not Available   

Features
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust   
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Is one of the oldest rock, Matrix variable   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Used   
Used   

Famous Monuments
Easter Island in the Polynesian Triangle, Pacific Ocean   
Data Not Available   

Sculpture
Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Used   
Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Used   

Figurines
Used   
Used   

Fossils
Absent   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Tuff is formed when large masses of ash and sand which are mixed with hot gases are ejected by a volcano and avalanche rapidly down its slopes.   
Trachyte is an igneous volcanic rock with an aphanitic to porphyritic texture. It is the volcanic equivalent of syenite rock and forms as a result of magmatic differentiation.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Calcite, Chlorite   
Augite, Biotite, Feldspar, Hornblade, Plagioclase, Quartz   

Compound Content
Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide   
Potassium Oxide, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
4-6   
6   

Grain Size
Fine Grained   
Fine Grained   

Fracture
Uneven   
Not Available   

Streak
White   
White   

Porosity
Highly Porous   
Less Porous   

Luster
Vitreous to Dull   
Metallic   

Compressive Strength
243.80 N/mm2   
5
150.00 N/mm2   
14

Cleavage
Not Available   
Not Available   

Toughness
Not Available   
Not Available   

Specific Gravity
2.73   
2.7   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
1-1.8 g/cm3   
2.43-2.45 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.20 kJ/Kg K   
25
Not Available   

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Wear Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen   
China, India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam   

Africa
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda   
Angola, Egypt, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa   

Europe
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom   
Bulgaria, England, Germany, Norway, Romania, Switzerland   

Others
Antarctica, Hawaii Islands   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA   
USA   

South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay   
Brazil, Chile   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia   
New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Tuff and Trachyte Properties

Know all about Tuff and Trachyte properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Tuff and Trachyte belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Tuff is Clastic, Pyroclastic whereas that of Trachyte is Aphanitic to Porphyritic. Tuff appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated and Trachyte appears Banded. The luster of Tuff is vitreous to dull while that of Trachyte is metallic. Tuff is available in brown, grey, yellow colors whereas Trachyte is available in black, brown, dark greenish - grey, green, grey, light to dark grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Tuff are creating artwork and that of Trachyte are cemetery markers, creating artwork.

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